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Mutation analysis of the RSK2 gene in Coffin-Lowry patients: extensive allelic heterogeneity and a high rate of de novo mutations.

ABSTRACT: Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, facial and digital dysmorphisms, and progressive skeletal deformations. By using a positional cloning approach, we have recently shown that mutations in the gene coding for the RSK2 serine-threonine protein kinase are responsible for this syndrome. To facilitate mutational analysis, we have now determined the genomic structure of the human RSK2 gene. The open reading frame of the RSK2 coding region is split into 22 exons. Primers were designed for PCR amplification of single exons from genomic DNA and subsequent single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. We screened 37 patients with clinical features suggestive of CLS. Twenty-five nucleotide changes predicted to be disease-causing mutations were identified, including eight splice-site alterations, seven nonsense mutations, five frameshift mutations, and five missense mutations. Twenty-three of them were novel mutations. Coupled with previously reported mutations, these findings bring the total of different RSK2 mutations to 34. These are distributed throughout the RSK2 gene, with no clustering, and all but two, which have been found in two independent patients, are unique. A very high (68%) rate of de novo mutations was observed. It is noteworthy also that three mutations were found in female probands, with no affected male relatives, ascertained through learning disability and mild but suggestive facial and digital dysmorphisms. No obvious correlation was observed between the position or type of the RSK2 mutations and the severity or particular clinical features of CLS.

SUBMITTER: Jacquot S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1377634 | biostudies-other | 1998 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Mutation analysis of the RSK2 gene in Coffin-Lowry patients: extensive allelic heterogeneity and a high rate of de novo mutations.

Jacquot S S Merienne K K De Cesare D D Pannetier S S Mandel J L JL Sassone-Corsi P P Hanauer A A

American journal of human genetics 19981201 6

Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, facial and digital dysmorphisms, and progressive skeletal deformations. By using a positional cloning approach, we have recently shown that mutations in the gene coding for the RSK2 serine-threonine protein kinase are responsible for this syndrome. To facilitate mutational analysis, we have now determined the genomic structure of the human RSK2 gene. The open reading frame of the RSK2 coding regi ...[more]

PMID: 9837815

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Project description:Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a syndromic form of X-linked mental retardation that is characterized, in male patients, by psychomotor and growth retardation and various skeletal anomalies. Typical facial changes and specific clinical and radiological hand aspects exhibited by patients are essential clues for the diagnosis. CLS is caused by mutations in a gene that is located in Xp22.2 and that encodes RSK2, a growth-factor-regulated protein kinase. RSK2 mutations are extremely heterogeneous and lead to premature termination of translation and/or loss of phosphotransferase activity. Surprisingly, among a series of 250 patients screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, in whom a clinical diagnosis of CLS was made, no mutations were detected in 66% (165) of the patients. To determine what proportion of these latter patients have a RSK2 mutation that has not been detected and what proportion have different disorders that are phenotypically similar to CLS, we have, in the present article, investigated, by western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay, cell lines from 26 patients in whom no mutation was previously identified by SSCP analysis. This approach allowed us to identify seven novel RSK2 mutations: two changes in the coding sequence of RSK2, one intragenic deletion, and four unusual intronic nucleotide substitutions that do not affect the consensus GT or AG splice sites. We have also determined the nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of the RSK2 gene, and we have screened it for mutations. No disease-causing nucleotide change was identified, suggesting that mutations affecting the promoter region are unlikely to account for a large number of patients with CLS. Finally, our results provide evidence that some patients have a disease that is phenotypically very similar to CLS, which is not caused by RSK2 defects. This suggests that there are defects in either additional genes or combinations of genes that may result in a CLS-like phenotype.

Dataset Information

Mutation analysis of the RSK2 gene in Coffin-Lowry patients: extensive allelic heterogeneity and a high rate of de novo mutations.

Publications

Mutation analysis of the RSK2 gene in Coffin-Lowry patients: extensive allelic heterogeneity and a high rate of de novo mutations.

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