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Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses show Microcoleus chthonoplastes to be a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium.

ABSTRACT: We used micromanipulation to isolate from their environment representative samples of seven geographically distant field populations fitting the description of Microcoleus chthonoplastes (a cyanobacterium) and obtained seven corresponding cultured strains. Samples of both field populations and cultures were phenotypically characterized by microscale techniques, and their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and in some cases by sequencing. All field populations and strains were phenotypically extremely coherent, and their 16S rRNA sequences were indistinguishable by DGGE. The sequences determined were identical or virtually identical. Thus, M. chthonoplastes represents a single, well-delimited taxon with a truly cosmopolitan distribution. Comparison with three culture collection strains originally assigned to M. chthonoplastes revealed that strain PCC 7420 belongs to the same tightly delimited group, both phenotypically and in 16S rRNA gene sequence, but that strains SAG 3192 and 10mfx do not.

SUBMITTER: Garcia-Pichel F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC168124 | biostudies-other | 1996 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses show Microcoleus chthonoplastes to be a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium.

Garcia-Pichel F F Prufert-Bebout L L Muyzer G G

Applied and environmental microbiology 19960901 9

We used micromanipulation to isolate from their environment representative samples of seven geographically distant field populations fitting the description of Microcoleus chthonoplastes (a cyanobacterium) and obtained seven corresponding cultured strains. Samples of both field populations and cultures were phenotypically characterized by microscale techniques, and their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and in some cases by sequencing. All ...[more]

PMID: 8795218

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Project description:In summer 2019, widespread occurrence of crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium spp. was observed on commercially grown ornamental plants in southern Iran. Beside agrobacteria, pale yellow-pigmented Gram-negative strains resembling the members of Xanthomonas were also associated with crown gall tissues on weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) and Amaranthus sp. plants. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the crown gall-associated Xanthomonas strains using plant inoculation assays, molecular-phylogenetic analyses, and comparative genomics approaches. Pathogenicity tests showed that the Xanthomonas strains did not induce disease symptoms on their host of isolation. However, the strains induced hypersensitive reaction on tobacco, geranium, melon, squash, and tomato leaves via leaf infiltration. Multilocus sequence analysis suggested that the strains belong to clade IA of Xanthomonas, phylogenetically close to Xanthomonas translucens, X. theicola, and X. hyacinthi. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the whole-genome sequences of the strains isolated in this study and reference Xanthomonas strains are far below the accepted thresholds for the definition of prokaryotic species, signifying that these strains could be defined as two new species within clade IA of Xanthomonas. Comparative genomics showed that the strains isolated from crown gall tissues are genetically distinct from X. translucens, as almost all the type III secretion system genes and type III effectors are lacking in the former group. The data obtained in this study provide novel insight into the breadth of genetic diversity of crown gall-associated bacteria and pave the way for research on gall-associated Xanthomonas-plant interactions. IMPORTANCE Tumorigenic agrobacteria-members of the bacterial family Rhizobiaceae-cause crown gall and hairy root diseases on a broad range of plant species. These bacteria are responsible for economic losses in nurseries of important fruit trees and ornamental plants. The microclimate of crown gall and their accompanying microorganisms has rarely been studied for the microbial diversity and population dynamics of gall-associated bacteria. Here, we employed a series of biochemical tests, pathogenicity assays, and molecular-phylogenetic analyses, supplemented with comparative genomics, to elucidate the biological features, taxonomic position, and genomic repertories of five crown gall-associated Xanthomonas strains isolated from weeping fig and Amaranthus sp. plants in Iran. The strains investigated in this study induced hypersensitive reactions (HR) on geranium, melon, squash, tobacco, and tomato leaves, while they were nonpathogenic on their host of isolation. Phylogenetic analyses and whole-genome-sequence-based average nucleotide identity (ANI)/digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) calculations suggested that the Xanthomonas strains isolated from crown gall tissues belong to two taxonomically unique clades closely related to the clade IA species of the genus, i.e., X. translucens, X. hyacinthi, and X. theicola.

Dataset Information

Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses show Microcoleus chthonoplastes to be a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium.

Publications

Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses show Microcoleus chthonoplastes to be a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium.

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