Gallstones: an intestinal disease?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Van Erpecum KJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1727410 | biostudies-other | 1999 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:There is increasing appreciation for the roles of the gut-liver axis in liver and gall diseases. Specific gut microbes are associated with susceptibility to gallstone diseases, while the relationship between intestinal flora and liver metabolism in the formation of gallstones remains unclear. In this study, an experimental group of model mice was given a lithogenic diet, and a control group was given a normal diet. Both groups were fed for 8 weeks. Integrating 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics to explore the impact of the lithogenic diet on intestinal flora and liver metabolism, Spearman correlation analysis reveals the network of relationships between the intestine and liver. Our findings showed that the gut microbiome and liver metabolome compositions of the test group were significantly changed compared with those of the normal group. Through our research, biomarkers of gallstones were identified at the phylum (5), class (5), order (5), family (7), and genus levels. We predicted the function of the differential flora. We analyzed the liver metabolism of mice with gallstones paired with their flora, and the results showed that there were 138 different metabolites between the two groups. The metabolic pathways enriched by these differential metabolites are highly consistent with the functions of the disordered flora. We focused on an analysis of the relationship between deoxycholic acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine, glucosamine, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and the disordered flora. This provides a basis for the establishment of the intestine-liver axis in gallstone disease. This research provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of probiotics and prebiotics.
| S-EPMC8416897 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGallstones (GS) associated diseases are among the most recurrent and frequent diseases delineated in India and United Arab Emirates. Several reports suggest that the association of GS with gallbladder cancer (GBC) is very high in Northern part of India; however, its occurrence in UAE and Southern part of India is notably low. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to perform compositional analysis of GS in three different geographical areas by Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy.MethodsNatural abundance 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy is employed for the analysis of human gallstone.ResultsCholesterol, bilirubin and calcium carbonate were present in variant concentrations in GS obtained from three different geographical regions. Cholesterol was present predominantly in gallstones from North India. Bilirubin was found to be a main constituent in gallstones pertaining to South India. Whereas GS from UAE showed both cholesterol and bilirubin as their major constituents. Calcium carbonate was found in varying concentrations in gallstones acquired from different regions.ConclusionVariation in environmental condition and dietary habits may contribute and affect the GS formation. Alterations in bile composition influence the GB and augment the crystallization of cholesterol. Analysis of different geographical regions GS could be an important stride to understand the etiology of GS diseases.
| S-EPMC5104357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gallstones Disease (GSD) is one of the most common digestive diseases requiring hospitalization and surgical procedures in the world. GSD has a high prevalence in populations with European or Amerindian ancestry (10-20%) and the influence of genetic factors is broadly acknowledged. However, known genetic variants do not entirely explain the disease heritability suggesting that additional genetic variants remain to be identified. Here, we examined the association of copy number variants (CNVs) with GSD in a sample of 4778 individuals (1929 GSD cases and 2849 controls) including two European cohorts from Germany (n = 3702) and one admixed Latin American cohort from Chile (n = 1076). We detected 2936 large and rare CNVs events (size > 100 kb, frequency < 1%). Case-control burden analysis and generalized linear regression models revealed significant association of CNVs with GSD in men, with the strongest effect observed with CNVs overlapping lipid metabolism genes (p-value = 6.54 × 10-4; OR = 2.76; CI 95% = 1.53-4.89). Our results indicate a clear link between CNVs and GSD in men and provides additional evidence that the genetic components of risk for GSD are complex, can be sex specific and include CNVs affecting genes involved in lipid metabolism.
| S-EPMC6974590 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There are few studies on the changes of gut microbiota in patients with gallstones, especially in patients with asymptomatic gallstones, and there are some deficiencies in these studies, for instance, the effects of metabolic factors on gut microbiota are not considered. Here, we selected 30 asymptomatic gallstone patients from the survey population, and 30 controls according to the age and BMI index matching principle. The 16SrDNA technology was used to detect and compare the structural differences in the gut microbiota between the two groups. Compared with healthy controls, the abundance of gut microbiota in patients with gallstones increased significantly, while the microbiota diversity decreased. At the level of phylum, both groups were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, there were 15 species with significant differences in abundance between the two groups. Further subgroup analysis found that only unclassified Lactobacillales showed differences in the intestines of gallstones patients with hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or patients with elevated BMI (≧24). The structure of gut microbiota in patients with gallstones changed significantly, and this might be related to the occurrence of gallstones, rather than metabolic factors such as hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity.
| S-EPMC9234526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The high prevalence of cholesterol gallstones, the availability of new information about pathogenesis, and the relevant health costs due to the management of cholelithiasis in both children and adults contribute to a growing interest in this disease. From an epidemiologic point of view, the risk of gallstones has been associated with higher risk of incident ischemic heart disease, total mortality, and disease-specific mortality (including cancer) independently from the presence of traditional risk factors such as body weight, lifestyle, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This evidence points to the existence of complex pathogenic pathways linking the occurrence of gallstones to altered systemic homeostasis involving multiple organs and dynamics. In fact, the formation of gallstones is secondary to local factors strictly dependent on the gallbladder (that is, impaired smooth muscle function, wall inflammation, and intraluminal mucin accumulation) and bile (that is, supersaturation in cholesterol and precipitation of solid crystals) but also to "extra-gallbladder" features such as gene polymorphism, epigenetic factors, expression and activity of nuclear receptors, hormonal factors (in particular, insulin resistance), multi-level alterations in cholesterol metabolism, altered intestinal motility, and variations in gut microbiota. Of note, the majority of these factors are potentially manageable. Thus, cholelithiasis appears as the expression of systemic unbalances that, besides the classic therapeutic approaches to patients with clinical evidence of symptomatic disease or complications (surgery and, in a small subgroup of subjects, oral litholysis with bile acids), could be managed with tools oriented to primary prevention (changes in diet and lifestyle and pharmacologic prevention in subgroups at high risk), and there could be relevant implications in reducing both prevalence and health costs.
| S-EPMC6173119 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dropped gallstones is a rare complication after a cholecystectomy. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for diagnosis. Dropped gallstones can be a fortuitous discovery in an asymptomatic patient but it is usually revealed when a complication occurs, most commonly through an abscess. Our case presents a dropped gallstone found during a routine check-up in a patient with a history of small bowel cancer. We will discuss differential diagnosis with others calcified peritoneal nodular patterns, particularly peritoneal carcinomatosis. We will recall the multimodality imaging findings of dropped gallstone and, based on literature, we will review the different sources of calcified peritoneal nodular pattern. The treatment of gallstone drop consequences depends on the clinical aspect.
| S-EPMC6031285 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite the well-documented association between gallstones and the metabolic syndrome, the mechanistic links between these two disorders remain unknown. Here we show that mice solely with hepatic insulin resistance, created by liver-specific disruption of the insulin receptor (LIRKO mice) are markedly predisposed toward cholesterol gallstone formation due to at least two distinct mechanisms. Disinhibition of the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1, increases expression of the biliary cholesterol transporters Abcg5 and Abcg8, resulting in an increase in biliary cholesterol secretion. Hepatic insulin resistance also decreases expression of the bile acid synthetic enzymes, particularly Cyp7b1, and produces partial resistance to the farnesoid X receptor, leading to a lithogenic bile salt profile. As a result, after twelve weeks on a lithogenic diet, all of the LIRKO mice develop gallstones. Thus, hepatic insulin resistance provides a crucial link between the metabolic syndrome and increased cholesterol gallstone susceptibility.
| S-EPMC2753607 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Invagination is defined as a medical condition in which a part of the gastrointestinal tract has entered into another section. Intestinal invagination is a rare clinical entity among adults and there is an underlying structural lesion in most of the cases. Coeliac disease is considered as a risk factor for intestinal invagination, because of the associated inflammatory processes and motility disorders as well as the increased risk for secondary malignancies. We report a case of intestinal invagination secondary to intestinal adenocarcinoma in a woman with coeliac disease, whose adherence to a gluten-free diet was poor.
| S-EPMC4401952 | biostudies-other
Project description:AimTo investigate the contribution of ABCB4 mutations to pediatric idiopathic gallstone disease and the potential of hormonal contraceptives to prompt clinical manifestations of multidrug resistance protein 3 deficiency.MethodsMutational analysis of ABCB4, screening for copy number variations by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, genotyping for low expression allele c.1331T>C of ABCB11 and genotyping for variation c.55G>C in ABCG8 previously associated with cholesterol gallstones in adults was performed in 35 pediatric subjects with idiopathic gallstones who fulfilled the clinical criteria for low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome (LPAC, OMIM #600803) and in 5 young females with suspected LPAC and their families (5 probands, 15 additional family members). The probands came to medical attention for contraceptive-associated intrahepatic cholestasis.ResultsA possibly pathogenic variant of ABCB4 was found only in one of the 35 pediatric subjects with idiopathic cholesterol gallstones whereas 15 members of the studied 5 LPAC kindreds were confirmed and another one was highly suspected to carry predictably pathogenic mutations in ABCB4. Among these 16, however, none developed gallstones in childhood. In 5 index patients, all young females carrying at least one pathogenic mutation in one allele of ABCB4, manifestation of LPAC as intrahepatic cholestasis with elevated serum activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase was induced by hormonal contraceptives. Variants ABCB11 c.1331T>C and ABCG8 c.55G>C were not significantly overrepresented in the 35 examined patients with suspect LPAC.ConclusionClinical criteria for LPAC syndrome caused by mutations in ABCB4 cannot be applied to pediatric patients with idiopathic gallstones. Sexual immaturity even prevents manifestation of LPAC.
| S-EPMC4024796 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Video 1Endoscopic approach for management of dropped gallstones using percutaneous cholangioscopy.
| S-EPMC9832278 | biostudies-literature