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Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when are antibiotics indicated? A systematic review.

ABSTRACT: For decades, there is an unresolved debate about adequate prescription of antibiotics for patients suffering from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this systematic review was to analyse randomised controlled trials investigating the clinical benefit of antibiotics for COPD exacerbations.We conducted a systematic review of randomised, placebo-controlled trials assessing the effects of antibiotics on clinically relevant outcomes in patients with an exacerbation. We searched bibliographic databases, scrutinized reference lists and conference proceedings and asked the pharmaceutical industry for unpublished data. We used fixed-effects models to pool results. The primary outcome was treatment failure of COPD exacerbation treatment.We included 13 trials (1557 patients) of moderate to good quality. For the effects of antibiotics on treatment failure there was much heterogeneity across all trials (I(2) = 75%) [corrected] Meta-regression revealed severity of exacerbation as significant explanation for this heterogeneity (p = 0.038) [corrected] Antibiotics did not reduce treatment failures in outpatients with mild to moderate exacerbations (pooled odds ratio 1.81, 95% CI 0.55-1.18, I(2) = 13%) [corrected] Inpatients with severe exacerbations had a substantial benefit on treatment failure rates (pooled odds ratio of 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.39, I2 = 0%; number-needed to treat of 4, 95% CI 3-5) and on mortality (pooled odds ratio of 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.62, I2 = 0%; number-needed to treat of 14, 95% CI 12-30).Antibiotics effectively reduce treatment failure and mortality rates in COPD patients with severe exacerbations. For patients with mild to moderate exacerbations, antibiotics may not be generally indicated and further research is needed to guide antibiotic prescription in these patients.

SUBMITTER: Puhan MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1853091 | biostudies-other | 2007 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when are antibiotics indicated? A systematic review.

Puhan Milo A MA Vollenweider Daniela D Latshang Tsogyal T Steurer Johann J Steurer-Stey Claudia C

Respiratory research 20070404

<h4>Background</h4>For decades, there is an unresolved debate about adequate prescription of antibiotics for patients suffering from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this systematic review was to analyse randomised controlled trials investigating the clinical benefit of antibiotics for COPD exacerbations.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a systematic review of randomised, placebo-controlled trials assessing the effects of antibiotics on clinically relevant out ...[more]

PMID: 17407610

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Project description:BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests a role for oral bacteria in lung infections. This systematic review aimed to analyse the association between poor periodontal status and the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Medline were searched for studies published until May 2020, with no language restriction. Studies reporting periodontal condition, or periodontal treatment outcomes, with data on the frequency of exacerbations of COPD, were identified. The primary outcome was the frequency of exacerbations and secondary outcomes included quality of life (QoL) and hospitalisation. Quality and risk of bias assessment were carried out using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies, Robins-1 tool for non-randomised intervention studies and Cochrane risk of bias assessment (RoB-2) tool for randomised clinical trials. Studies were assessed for eligibility and quality by two assessors independently.ResultsSearches identified 532 records and 8 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were three clinical trials, one prospective cohort study, one case-control, and three cross-sectional studies. A narrative synthesis was performed. The data from intervention studies showed reduction in the frequency of exacerbations following periodontal treatment. Data from observational studies suggest association of worse plaque scores and fewer teeth with exacerbation, but not pocket depth or clinical attachment loss. Better periodontal health was also associated with reduced frequency of COPD exacerbations, hospitalisations and improved quality of life in COPD patients. Due to the high heterogeneity no meta-analysis was performed. The quality of some of the included studies was low and there was evidence of a high risk of bias.ConclusionThe data supports possible association between poor periodontal health, the frequency of exacerbations, hospitalisation and quality of life in COPD patients. The evidence is of moderate to low certainty and is limited by high risk of bias suggesting the need for well-designed and adequately powered randomised controlled trials, to inform future research and clinical practice. The PROSPERO registration number CRD42020180328.

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Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when are antibiotics indicated? A systematic review.

Publications

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when are antibiotics indicated? A systematic review.

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