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Compound heterozygosity for a dominant glycine substitution and a recessive internal duplication mutation in the type XVII collagen gene results in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and abnormal dentition.

ABSTRACT: Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous autosomal recessively inherited blistering skin disorder associated with fragility at the dermal-epidermal junction. Previously, mutations in this condition have been described in the three genes for the anchoring filament protein laminin 5 (LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2), in the gene encoding the hemidesmosome-associated beta4 integrin (ITGB4), and in the gene for the hemidesmosomal protein type XVII collagen (COL17A1/BPAG2). In this study, we report a patient with a form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa with skin fragility and dental anomalies who is a compound heterozygote for a novel combination of mutations, ie, a glycine substitution mutation in one allele and an internal duplication in the other allele of COL17A1. The patient also has two offspring, both of whom have inherited the glycine substitution mutation, whereas the other COL17A1 allele is normal. The latter individuals show no evidence of skin fragility but have marked dental abnormalities with enamel hypoplasia and pitting. The clinical phenotype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa in the proband in this family probably arises due to a combination of the glycine substitution and the internal duplication in COL17A1, whereas the dental abnormalities of her offspring may be the result of the glycine substitution in COL17A1 alone, resulting in this dominantly inherited clinical phenotype.

SUBMITTER: McGrath JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1861650 | biostudies-other | 1996 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Compound heterozygosity for a dominant glycine substitution and a recessive internal duplication mutation in the type XVII collagen gene results in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and abnormal dentition.

McGrath J A JA Gatalica B B Li K K Dunnill M G MG McMillan J R JR Christiano A M AM Eady R A RA Uitto J J

The American journal of pathology 19960601 6

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous autosomal recessively inherited blistering skin disorder associated with fragility at the dermal-epidermal junction. Previously, mutations in this condition have been described in the three genes for the anchoring filament protein laminin 5 (LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2), in the gene encoding the hemidesmosome-associated beta4 integrin (ITGB4), and in the gene for the hemidesmosomal protein type XVII collagen (COL17A1/BPAG2). In this study, we repor ...[more]

PMID: 8669466

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Project description:BackgroundRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is an incurable, often fatal mucocutaneous blistering disease caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7). On the basis of preclinical data showing biochemical correction and prolonged survival in col7 −/− mice, we hypothesized that allogeneic marrow contains stem cells capable of ameliorating the manifestations of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in humans.MethodsBetween October 2007 and August 2009, we treated seven children who had recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with immunomyeloablative chemotherapy and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. We assessed C7 expression by means of immunofluorescence staining and used transmission electron microscopy to visualize anchoring fibrils. We measured chimerism by means of competitive polymerase-chain-reaction assay, and documented blister formation and wound healing with the use of digital photography.ResultsOne patient died of cardiomyopathy before transplantation. Of the remaining six patients, one had severe regimen-related cutaneous toxicity, with all having improved wound healing and a reduction in blister formation between 30 and 130 days after transplantation. We observed increased C7 deposition at the dermal-epidermal junction in five of the six recipients, albeit without normalization of anchoring fibrils. Five recipients were alive 130 to 799 days after transplantation; one died at 183 days as a consequence of graft rejection and infection. The six recipients had substantial proportions of donor cells in the skin, and none had detectable anti-C7 antibodies.ConclusionsIncreased C7 deposition and a sustained presence of donor cells were found in the skin of children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term risks and benefits of such therapy in patients with this disorder. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00478244.)

Project description:BackgroundRevertant mosaicism has been described previously in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), manifesting as regions of skin with normal mechanical and biological characteristics. Here we report the discovery of revertant dermal fibroblasts, unique in that all other documented cases of revertant mosaicism occur in epidermal keratinocytes.ObjectivesTo determine the cause of revertant mosaicism found in a patient with RDEB from isolated epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in blister and mosaic skin regions.MethodsSkin biopsies were taken from blister and mosaic skin regions of a patient with RDEB. Allele identification was confirmed and the type VII collagen (C7) content and COL7A1 expression profile of isolated keratinocytes and fibroblasts was determined.ResultsKeratinocytes isolated from the mosaic area had a slight increase in C7, although overall expression of COL7A1 was unchanged between blister and mosaic fibroblasts. Differential allele expression was identified in blister and mosaic fibroblasts using targeted RNA sequencing (TREx), where the allele harbouring a point mutation was preferentially expressed over that containing a frameshift mutation. A crossing over event was identified in mosaic fibroblasts that was not present in blister fibroblasts, yielding a functional COL7A1 allele in a subset of cells.ConclusionsIn documenting a novel case of revertant mosaicism in RDEB, we have identified dermal fibroblasts as having the capacity to correct blistering functionally. We have also pioneered the use of TREx in quantifying allele-specific expression. Using fibroblasts instead of keratinocytes for RDEB therapies offers advantages in the local and systemic therapy of RDEB. What's already known about this topic? Revertant mosaicism has been previously documented in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), however, it has only been found in epidermal keratinocytes. What does this study add? We have demonstrated that COL7A1 gene reversion in dermal fibroblasts occurs and is able to form functional skin in a patient with RDEB. Additionally, we have pioneered a new application for targeted RNA sequencing in quantifying allele-specific expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. What is the translational message? This opens up possibilities for using fibroblasts as local and systemic therapy for patients with RDEB.

Project description:Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a severely disabling hereditary skin fragility disorder, is caused by mutations in the gene coding for collagen VII, a specialized adhesion component of the dermal-epidermal junction zone. Both recessive and dominant forms are known; the latter account for about 40% of cases. Patients with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa exhibit a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild localized to generalized skin manifestations. Individuals with the same mutation can display substantial phenotypic variance, emphasizing the role of modifying genes in this disorder. The etiology of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa has been known for around two decades; however, important pathogenetic questions such as involvement of modifier genes remain unanswered and a causative therapy has yet to be developed. Much of the failure to make progress in these areas is due to the lack of suitable animal models that capture all aspects of this complex monogenetic disorder. Here, we report the first rat model of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Affected rats carry a spontaneous glycine to aspartic acid substitution, p.G1867D, within the main structural domain of collagen VII. This confers dominant-negative interference of protein folding and decreases the stability of mutant collagen VII molecules and their polymers, the anchoring fibrils. The phenotype comprises fragile and blister-prone skin, scarring and nail dystrophy. The model recapitulates all signs of the human disease with complete penetrance. Homozygous carriers of the mutation are more severely affected than heterozygous ones, demonstrating for the first time a gene-dosage effect of mutated alleles in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. This novel viable and workable animal model for dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa will be valuable for addressing molecular disease mechanisms, effects of modifying genes, and development of novel molecular therapies for patients with dominantly transmitted skin disease.

Dataset Information

Compound heterozygosity for a dominant glycine substitution and a recessive internal duplication mutation in the type XVII collagen gene results in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and abnormal dentition.

Publications

Compound heterozygosity for a dominant glycine substitution and a recessive internal duplication mutation in the type XVII collagen gene results in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and abnormal dentition.

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