Dataset Information

Somatic mutations during an immune response in Xenopus tadpoles.

ABSTRACT: The tadpole B-cell repertoire is less diverse than that of the adult frog; their antibodies are of lower affinity and are less heterogenous. In order to determine whether this difference is due to a lack of or a reduced rate of somatic hypermutation, we analyzed and compared cDNA sequences utilizing VH1 elements with germline counterparts in isogenic LG7 tadpoles during an immune response. Indeed, tadpole VH1 sequences contained somatic mutations. There were zero to 5 mutations per sequence, all single base-point mutations, with the high ratio of GC to AT base-pair alterations similar to that observed in adult frogs.

SUBMITTER: Wilson M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2275958 | biostudies-other | 1995

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Somatic mutations during an immune response in Xenopus tadpoles.

Wilson M M Marcuz A A du Pasquier L L

Developmental immunology 19950101 3

The tadpole B-cell repertoire is less diverse than that of the adult frog; their antibodies are of lower affinity and are less heterogenous. In order to determine whether this difference is due to a lack of or a reduced rate of somatic hypermutation, we analyzed and compared cDNA sequences utilizing VH1 elements with germline counterparts in isogenic LG7 tadpoles during an immune response. Indeed, tadpole VH1 sequences contained somatic mutations. There were zero to 5 mutations per sequence, all ...[more]

PMID: 8770561

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Project description:Communication between optic tecta/superior colliculi is thought to be required for sensorimotor behaviors by comparing inputs across the midline, however the development of and the role of visual experience in the function and plasticity of intertectal connections are unclear. We combined neuronal tracing, in vivo time-lapse imaging, and electrophysiology to characterize the structural and functional development of intertectal axons and synapses in Xenopus tadpole optic tectum. We find that intertectal connections are established early during optic tectal circuit development. We determined the neurotransmitter identity of intertectal neurons using both rabies virus-mediated tracing combined with post-hoc immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology. Excitatory and inhibitory intertectal neuronal somata are similarly distributed throughout the tectum. Excitatory and inhibitory intertectal axons are structurally similar and elaborate broadly in the contralateral tectum. We demonstrate that intertectal and retinotectal axons converge onto tectal neurons by recording postsynaptic currents after stimulating intertectal and retinotectal inputs. Cutting the intertectal commissure removes synaptic responses to contralateral tectal stimulation. In vivo time-lapse imaging demonstrated that visual experience drives plasticity in intertectal bouton size and dynamics. Finally, visual experience coordinately drives the maturation of excitatory and inhibitory intertectal inputs by increasing AMPA- and GABA-receptor mediated currents, comparable to experience-dependent maturation of retinotectal inputs. These data indicate that visual experience regulates plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory intertectal inputs, maintaining the excitatory: inhibitory ratio of intertectal input. These studies place intertectal inputs as key players in tectal circuit development and suggest that they may play a role in sensory information processing critical to sensorimotor behaviors.

Dataset Information

Somatic mutations during an immune response in Xenopus tadpoles.

Publications

Somatic mutations during an immune response in Xenopus tadpoles.

Similar Datasets

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