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Introduction of a new hepatitis agent in retrospect: genetic studies of Swedish hepatitis D virus strains.

ABSTRACT: The supposedly first outbreak of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in Sweden occurred among intravenous drug addicts in the Malmö area in the mid-1970s. Stored sera from this outbreak were used for viral RNA extraction and analysis. By sequence comparisons, the HDV genomes from those Swedish patients fell into two separate clusters, within which the RNA sequences were closely related. These two HDV groups genetically resembled the French and US-1 isolates of genotype I, respectively, indicating that there had been at least two separate sources of HDV infection. The genetic alterations of the HDV RNA were investigated by sequence analysis of nine annually drawn serum samples from one patient and paired samples collected between 2 and more than 10 years apart from six patients with chronic HDV infection. Only mutational changes were observed, and no insertion or deletion appeared throughout the periods observed. It was found that the Swedish HDV isolates mutationally evolved at an average rate of 1.1 x 10(-3) substitutions per nucleotide per year over a long time course of chronic HDV infection, which is of the same magnitude as that of other RNA viruses.

SUBMITTER: Zhang YY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC229391 | biostudies-other | 1996 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Introduction of a new hepatitis agent in retrospect: genetic studies of Swedish hepatitis D virus strains.

Zhang Y Y YY Hansson B G BG

Journal of clinical microbiology 19961101 11

The supposedly first outbreak of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in Sweden occurred among intravenous drug addicts in the Malmö area in the mid-1970s. Stored sera from this outbreak were used for viral RNA extraction and analysis. By sequence comparisons, the HDV genomes from those Swedish patients fell into two separate clusters, within which the RNA sequences were closely related. These two HDV groups genetically resembled the French and US-1 isolates of genotype I, respectively, indicating ...[more]

PMID: 8897170

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Tanzania currently rolls out vaccination against rotavirus-diarrhea, a major cause of child illness and death. As the vaccine covers a limited number of rotavirus variants, this study describes the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus among children under two years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, prior to implementation of vaccination. METHODS: Stool specimens, demographic and clinical information, were collected from 690 children admitted to hospital due to diarrhea (cases) and 545 children without diarrhea (controls) during one year. Controls were inpatient or children attending child health clinics. Rotavirus antigen was detected using ELISA and positive samples were typed by multiplex semi-nested PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: The prevalence of rotavirus was higher in cases (32.5%) than in controls (7.7%, P<0.001). The most common G genotypes were G1 followed by G8, G12, and G4 in cases and G1, G12 and G8 in controls. The Tanzanian G1 variants displayed 94% similarity with the Rotarix vaccine G1 variant. The commonest P genotypes were P[8], P[4] and P[6], and the commonest G/P combination G1 P[8] (n?=?123), G8 P[4] and G12 P[6]. Overall, rotavirus prevalence was higher in cool (23.9%) than hot months (17.1%) of the year (P?=?0.012). We also observed significant seasonal variation of G genotypes. Rotavirus was most frequently found in the age group of four to six months. The prevalence of rotavirus in cases was lower in stunted children (28.9%) than in non-stunted children (40.1%, P?=?0.003) and lower in HIV-infected (15.4%, 4/26) than in HIV-uninfected children (55.3%, 42/76, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This pre-vaccination study shows predominance of genotype G1 in Tanzania, which is phylogenetically distantly related to the vaccine strains. We confirm the emergence of genotype G8 and G12. Rotavirus infection and circulating genotypes showed seasonal variation. This study also suggests that rotavirus may not be an opportunistic pathogen in children infected with HIV.

Dataset Information

Introduction of a new hepatitis agent in retrospect: genetic studies of Swedish hepatitis D virus strains.

Publications

Introduction of a new hepatitis agent in retrospect: genetic studies of Swedish hepatitis D virus strains.

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