F-18 fluoride positron emission tomography of the hip for osteonecrosis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dasa V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2311491 | biostudies-other | 2008 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Vascular calcification is a complex biological process that is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. While macrocalcification confers plaque stability, microcalcification is a key feature of high-risk atheroma and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Positron emission tomography and X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of atherosclerosis using (18)F-sodium fluoride ((18)F-NaF) has the potential to identify pathologically high-risk nascent microcalcification. However, the precise molecular mechanism of (18)F-NaF vascular uptake is still unknown. Here we use electron microscopy, autoradiography, histology and preclinical and clinical PET/CT to analyse (18)F-NaF binding. We show that (18)F-NaF adsorbs to calcified deposits within plaque with high affinity and is selective and specific. (18)F-NaF PET/CT imaging can distinguish between areas of macro- and microcalcification. This is the only currently available clinical imaging platform that can non-invasively detect microcalcification in active unstable atherosclerosis. The use of (18)F-NaF may foster new approaches to developing treatments for vascular calcification.
| S-EPMC4506997 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6338233 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeCalcification is a hallmark of chronic tuberculosis (TB) in humans, often noted years to decades (after the initial infection) on chest radiography, but not visualized well with traditional positron emission tomography (PET). We hypothesized that sodium [(18)F]fluoride (Na[(18)F]F) PET could be used to detect microcalcifications in a chronically Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected murine model.ProceduresC3HeB/FeJ mice, which develop necrotic and hypoxic TB lesions, were aerosol-infected with M. tuberculosis and imaged with Na[(18)F]F PET.ResultsPulmonary TB lesions from chronically infected mice demonstrated significantly higher Na[(18)F]F uptake compared with acutely infected or uninfected animals (P < 0.01), while no differences were noted in the blood or bone compartments (P > 0.08). Ex vivo biodistribution studies confirmed the imaging findings, and tissue histology demonstrated microcalcifications in TB lesions from chronically infected mice, which has not been demonstrated previously in a murine model.ConclusionNa[(18)F]F PET can be used for the detection of chronic TB lesions and could prove to be a useful noninvasive biomarker for TB studies.
| S-EPMC4561601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background18F-Fluoride uptake denotes calcification activity in aortic stenosis and atherosclerosis. While PET/MR has several advantages over PET/CT, attenuation correction of PET/MR data is challenging, limiting cardiovascular application. We compared PET/MR and PET/CT assessments of 18F-fluoride uptake in the aortic valve and coronary arteries.Methods and results18 patients with aortic stenosis or recent myocardial infarction underwent 18F-fluoride PET/CT followed immediately by PET/MR. Valve and coronary 18F-fluoride uptake were evaluated independently. Both standard (Dixon) and novel radial GRE) MR attenuation correction (AC) maps were validated against PET/CT with results expressed as tissue-to-background ratios (TBRs). Visually, aortic valve 18F-fluoride uptake was similar on PET/CT and PET/MR. TBRMAX values were comparable with radial GRE AC (PET/CT 1.55±0.33 vs. PET/MR 1.58 ± 0.34, P = 0.66; 95% limits of agreement - 27% to + 25%) but performed less well with Dixon AC (1.38 ± 0.44, P = 0.06; bias (-)14%; 95% limits of agreement - 25% to + 53%). In native coronaries, 18F-fluoride uptake was similar on PET/MR to PET/CT regardless of AC approach. PET/MR identified 28/29 plaques identified on PET/CT; however, stents caused artifact on PET/MR making assessment of 18F-fluoride uptake challenging.ConclusionCardiovascular PET/MR demonstrates good visual and quantitative agreement with PET/CT. However, PET/MR is hampered by stent-related artifacts currently limiting clinical application.
| S-EPMC8616877 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMicrocalcifications cannot be identified with the present resolution of CT; however, 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been proposed for non-invasive identification of microcalcification. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether 18F-NaF activity can assess the presence and predict the progression of CT detectable vascular calcification.Methods and resultsThe data of two longitudinal studies in which patients received a 18F-NaF PET-CT at baseline and after 6 months or 1-year follow-up were used. The target to background ratio (TBR) was measured on PET at baseline and CT calcification was quantified in the femoral arteries at baseline and follow-up. 128 patients were included. A higher TBR at baseline was associated with higher calcification mass at baseline and calcification progression (β = 1.006 [1.005-1.007] and β = 1.002 [1.002-1.003] in the studies with 6 months and 1-year follow-up, respectively). In areas without calcification at baseline and where calcification developed at follow-up, the TBR was .11-.13 (P < .001) higher compared to areas where no calcification developed.ConclusionThe activity of 18F-NaF is related to the amount of calcification and calcification progression. In areas where calcification formation occurred, the TBR was slightly but significantly higher.
| S-EPMC8648691 | biostudies-literature
Project description:18-Fluoride labeled sodium fluoride (Na-18-F) positron emission tomography with computer tomography (PET/CT) has a better sensitivity and specificity than whole body bone scan (WBBS) in detecting osseous metastatic prostate cancer. We performed a pilot study of 20 men to examine what level of impact Na-18-F PET/CT has on management plans when used for staging newly diagnosed prostate cancer.Twenty men were prospectively enrolled into the study in South Australia. Men were eligible if they had newly diagnosed, untreated, and biopsy-confirmed intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer (D'Amico classification). WBBS and Na-18-F PET/CT scans were performed within 1 week of each other. Following review of the WBBS, treatment type and intent was documented by the treating urologist. The Na-18-F PET/CT scan was then reviewed. The impact of the Na-18-F PET/CT was measured on whether treatment modality or intent was subsequently altered: high impact = treatment intent or modality was changed; medium impact = treatment modality was modified; low impact = no change in treatment.In 18 men (90%), the WBBS and Na-18-F PET/CT were negative for osseous metastases. In one man (5%), the WBBS demonstrated widespread osseous metastases which were similarly demonstrated on the Na-18-F PET/CT. One man (5%) had a normal WBBS; however, the Na-18-F PET/CT demonstrated widespread osseous metastases. Subsequently, in 19 men (95%), the results of the two scans were congruent and the addition of the Na-18-F PET/CT scan demonstrated a low impact on management. In one man (5%), the addition of the Na-18-F PET/CT had a high impact as treatment type and intent was altered.Our pilot study is the first of its kind in Australia, and our findings suggest that Na-18-F PET/CT is a safe and feasible modality for staging prostate cancer. However, its true impact on prostate cancer management warrants further investigation.
| S-EPMC6004619 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Because the folate receptor β (FR-β) is selectively expressed on macrophages, an FR targeted imaging agent could be useful for assessment of atherosclerotic inflammation. We investigated aluminum fluoride-18-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid conjugated folate (18F-FOL) for the detection of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. We studied atherosclerotic plaques in mice, rabbits, and human tissue samples using 18F-FOL positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Compound 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) was used as a comparison. Firstly, we found that the in vitro binding of 18F-FOL co-localized with FR-β-positive macrophages in carotid endarterectomy samples from patients with recent ischemic symptoms. We then demonstrated specific accumulation of intravenously administered 18F-FOL in atherosclerotic plaques in mice and rabbits using PET/CT. We noticed that the 18F-FOL uptake correlated with the density of macrophages in plaques and provided a target-to-background ratio as high as 18F-FDG, but with considerably lower myocardial uptake. Thus, 18F-FOL PET/CT targeting of FR-β-positive macrophages presents a promising new tool for the in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic inflammation.
| S-EPMC6018703 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAs a noninvasive diagnostic tool, fluorine-18-labelled sodium fluoride positron emission tomography ([18F]NaF PET) has been increasingly applied in clinical practice due to its excellent imaging performance, attracting more attention from clinical practitioners. However, with the continuous development of technology and growth of knowledge, the field of [18F]NaF PET is changing. Nevertheless, few studies have conducted quantitative analyses of the literature in this field. Therefore, in this study, we used bibliometric methods to analyze the trends, content distribution, and frontiers of this field from multiple perspectives, including social and international structure, conceptual structure, and intellectual structure.MethodsThis study used the Web of Science (WOS) core database as the data source and retrieved literature related to [18F]NaF PET between 2008 and 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were then employed for bibliometric analysis. This study performed co-occurrence analysis and citation analysis to investigate the characteristics of [18F]NaF PET in 3 aspects.ResultsA total of 682 articles related to [18F]NaF PET were collected during the period from 2008 to 2022. The author, Alavi, had the highest number of publications (67 articles). In terms of institutions, the University of Edinburgh had the highest number of publications (64 articles). The United States (300 articles) was the country with the highest number of published articles. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that [18F]NaF PET-related technologies, bone metastasis (prostate cancer and breast cancer), and atherosclerosis were prominent research directions in this field. In terms of highly cited authors, Even-Sapir had the highest citation count (188 citations). Regarding highly cited journals, the Journal of Nuclear Medicine ranked as the most highly cited journal. The literature co-citation clustering and timeline graph showed that atherosclerotic plaques, bone metastasis, and the clinical applications of [18F]NaF PET were topics of active research in this field.ConclusionsThere has been an increase in the literature published in the field of [18F]NaF PET from 2008 to 2022. The United States holds a prominent position in the field of [18F]NaF PET. Arteriosclerosis and bone metastasis are the main topics in this field and at the forefront of research.
| S-EPMC10585531 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMicrocalcifications in atherosclerotic plaques are destabilizing, predict adverse cardiovascular events, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging has demonstrated promise as a useful clinical diagnostic tool in identifying high-risk plaques; however, there is confusion as to the underlying mechanism of signal amplification seen in PET-positive, CT-negative image regions. This study tested the hypothesis that 18F-fluoride PET/CT can identify early microcalcifications.Methods18F-fluoride signal amplification derived from microcalcifications was validated against near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging and histology using an in vitro 3-dimensional hydrogel collagen platform, ex vivo human specimens, and a mouse model of atherosclerosis.ResultsMicrocalcification size correlated inversely with collagen concentration. The 18F-fluoride ligand bound to microcalcifications formed by calcifying vascular smooth muscle cell derived extracellular vesicles in the in vitro 3-dimensional collagen system and exhibited an increasing signal with an increase in collagen concentration (0.25 mg/mL collagen -33.8×102±12.4×102 counts per minute; 0.5 mg/mL collagen -67.7×102±37.4×102 counts per minute; P=0.0014), suggesting amplification of the PET signal by smaller microcalcifications. We further incubated human atherosclerotic endarterectomy specimens with clinically relevant concentrations of 18F-fluoride. The 18F-fluoride ligand labeled microcalcifications in PET-positive, CT-negative regions of explanted human specimens as evidenced by 18F-fluoride PET/CT imaging, near-infrared fluorescence, and histological analysis. Additionally, the 18F-fluoride ligand identified micro and macrocalcifications in atherosclerotic aortas obtained from low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.ConclusionsOur results suggest that 18F-fluoride PET signal in PET-positive, CT-negative regions of human atherosclerotic plaques is the result of developing microcalcifications, and high surface area in regions of small microcalcifications may amplify PET signal.
| S-EPMC6338081 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSometimes the diagnosis of recurrent cancer in patients with a previous malignancy can be challenging. This prospective cohort study assessed the clinical utility of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography-computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET-CT) in the diagnosis of clinically suspected recurrence of cancer.MethodsPatients were eligible if cancer recurrence (non-small-cell lung (NSCL), breast, head and neck, ovarian, oesophageal, Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) was suspected clinically, and if conventional imaging was non-diagnostic. Clinicians were asked to indicate their management plan before and after (18)F-FDG PET-CT scanning. The primary outcome was change in planned management after (18)F-FDG PET-CT.ResultsBetween April 2009 and June 2011, 101 patients (age, median 65 years; 55% female) were enroled from four cancer centres in Ontario, Canada. Distribution by primary tumour type was: NSCL (55%), breast (19%), ovarian (10%), oesophageal (6%), lymphoma (6%), and head and neck (4%). Of the 99 subjects who underwent (18)F-FDG PET-CT, planned management changed after (18)F-FDG PET-CT in 52 subjects (53%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 42-63%); a major change in plan from no treatment to treatment was observed in 38 subjects (38%, 95% CI, 29-49%), and was typically associated with (18)F-FDG PET-CT findings that were positive for recurrent cancer (37 subjects). After 3 months, the stated post-(18)F-FDG PET-CT management plan was actually completed in 88 subjects (89%, 95% CI, 81-94%).ConclusionIn patients with suspected cancer recurrence and conventional imaging that is non-diagnostic, (18)F-FDG PET-CT often provides new information that leads to important changes in patient management.
| S-EPMC4647251 | biostudies-literature