Clinical and endocrine data for goserelin plus anastrozole as second-line endocrine therapy for premenopausal advanced breast cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Forward DP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2409605 | biostudies-other | 2004 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BACKGROUND:In the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT) and the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial (TEXT), the 5-year rates of recurrence of breast cancer were significantly lower among premenopausal women who received the aromatase inhibitor exemestane plus ovarian suppression than among those who received tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression. The addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen did not result in significantly lower recurrence rates than those with tamoxifen alone. Here, we report the updated results from the two trials. METHODS:Premenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 5 years of tamoxifen, tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, or exemestane plus ovarian suppression in SOFT and to receive tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression or exemestane plus ovarian suppression in TEXT. Randomization was stratified according to the receipt of chemotherapy. RESULTS:In SOFT, the 8-year disease-free survival rate was 78.9% with tamoxifen alone, 83.2% with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, and 85.9% with exemestane plus ovarian suppression (P=0.009 for tamoxifen alone vs. tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression). The 8-year rate of overall survival was 91.5% with tamoxifen alone, 93.3% with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, and 92.1% with exemestane plus ovarian suppression (P=0.01 for tamoxifen alone vs. tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression); among the women who remained premenopausal after chemotherapy, the rates were 85.1%, 89.4%, and 87.2%, respectively. Among the women with cancers that were negative for HER2 who received chemotherapy, the 8-year rate of distant recurrence with exemestane plus ovarian suppression was lower than the rate with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression (by 7.0 percentage points in SOFT and by 5.0 percentage points in TEXT). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported in 24.6% of the tamoxifen-alone group, 31.0% of the tamoxifen-ovarian suppression group, and 32.3% of the exemestane-ovarian suppression group. CONCLUSIONS:Among premenopausal women with breast cancer, the addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen resulted in significantly higher 8-year rates of both disease-free and overall survival than tamoxifen alone. The use of exemestane plus ovarian suppression resulted in even higher rates of freedom from recurrence. The frequency of adverse events was higher in the two groups that received ovarian suppression than in the tamoxifen-alone group. (Funded by Pfizer and others; SOFT and TEXT ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00066690 and NCT00066703 , respectively.).
| S-EPMC6193457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Systemic therapy for premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer has evolved in the last 5 years, but critical questions remain. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated a benefit for the addition of ovarian suppression to endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancers considered to be at high risk for recurrence, whereas those with lower-risk cancers seem to have a favorable outcome with tamoxifen alone. Two large randomized trials have demonstrated a benefit for extending adjuvant tamoxifen beyond 5 years. Currently the choice of systemic therapy is selected empirically but molecular profiling may, in the near future, provide a more conclusive means of selecting an endocrine therapeutic approach for premenopausal patients. Given that a significant subset of hormone receptor-positive cancers are intrinsically resistant to endocrine agents, as well as the finding that inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 and mammalian target of rapamycin appears to potentially reverse this resistance in patients with metastatic disease, evaluation of these agents in the early-stage setting is ongoing.
| S-EPMC6469352 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Does incorporating Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors into endocrine therapy (ET) effectively enhance survival outcomes, notably overall survival (OS), among individuals with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer? This remains a clinical controversy. We compared the antitumor efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) between CDK4/6 inhibitors + ET (CET) and placebo + ET (PET) by conducting a phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based meta-analysis. Seven databases were searched to identify eligible studies, comprising Phase III RCTs comparing CET to PET. The primary endpoints were OS and progression-free survival (PFS), with secondary endpoints including responses and adverse events (AEs). Seven RCTs (DAWNA-2, MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-3, MONALEESA-7, MONARCH-3, PALOMA-2, and PALOMA-4) were included. The CET group exhibited significantly improved OS (HR: 0.81 [0.74, 0.88]), PFS (HR: 0.57 [0.52, 0.63]), objective response rate (RR: 1.31 [1.20, 1.43]), and clinical benefit rate (RR: 1.11 [1.07, 1.15]). These benefits were consistent across almost all subgroups. Additionally, the CET group showed better overall survival rates (OSR) from 24 to 60 months (OSR 24-60 m) and progression-free survival rates (PFSR) from 6 to 60 months (PFSR 6-60 m). However, more total AEs, grade 3-5 AEs, and serious AEs were found in CET group. The top 5 grade 3-5 AEs in the CET group were neutropenia (59.39%), leukopenia (24.11%), decreased white blood cell count (12.99%), hypertension (7.03%), and increased alanine aminotransferase (5.91%). The superiority of CET over PET in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer is evident, showing improved survival and responses. Nonetheless, the higher incidence of AEs, specifically hematologic AEs, requires cautious attention.
| S-EPMC11337580 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Most patients with lung cancer have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype and have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Improvements in both first-line and subsequent therapies are allowing longer survival and enhanced quality of life for these patients. The median overall survival observed in many second-line trials is approximately 9 months, and many patients receive further therapy after second-line therapy. The cytotoxic agents pemetrexed and docetaxel and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib and gefitinib are standard second-line therapies. For patients with EGFR mutation, a TKI is the favored second-line therapy if not already used in first-line therapy. For patients without the EGFR mutation, TKIs are an option, but many oncologists favor cytotoxic therapy. The inhibitor of the EML4/ALK fusion protein, crizotinib, has recently become a standard second-line treatment for patients with the gene rearrangement and has promise for patients with the ROS1 rearrangement.
| S-EPMC3755933 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose:To assess the efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life impact of switching adjuvant treatment in hormone receptor-positive primary breast cancer patients who are still premenopausal after 2-3 years of tamoxifen therapy to anastrozole plus goserelin as compared with continuing tamoxifen over a total period of 5 years. Patients and methods:Hormone receptor-positive, premenopausal, lymph node-positive, or tumor size ?4 cm breast cancer patients who had received tamoxifen for 2-3 years were randomly assigned to continue tamoxifen treatment (TAM group) or switch to adjuvant anastrozole plus goserelin (ADD group) and continue treatment for another 2-3 years (total treatment duration 5 years). Endpoints evaluated were adverse events (AEs), changes in bone mineral density, quality of life, and disease-free survival-related events. Results:A total of 62 patients (33 in the ADD group and 29 in the TAM group) were evaluated. Grade 3-4 drug-related AEs occurred in five patients (15.2%) in the ADD group vs none in the TAM group. In the ADD group, arthralgias were the most common AEs (5/33 patients; 15.2%), and three patients in this group were discontinued because of AEs. Treatment was temporarily suspended due to AEs in three patients (9.1%) in the ADD group and one patient (3.4%) in the TAM group. Compared with continuing TAM therapy, switching to anastrozole plus goserelin did not result in any worsening of bone mineral density or quality of life. During a median follow-up of 34 months, five patients (15.2%) in the ADD group had disease-free survival events vs four patients (13.8%) in the TAM group. Conclusion:For early-stage breast cancer patients who remain premenopausal following 2-3 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, switching to anastrozole plus goserelin therapy was safe with tolerable adverse effects. However, it did not show superior efficacy compared to remaining on tamoxifen treatment. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01352091).
| S-EPMC6312049 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:This analysis evaluated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the phase?III MONALEESA-7 trial, which previously demonstrated improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with ribociclib (cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor)?+?endocrine therapy (ET) compared with placebo?+?ET in pre- and perimenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC). Methods:The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life questionnaire C30 (QLQ-C30) and the EQ-5D-5L were used to evaluate HRQoL. Results:EORTC QLQ-C30 assessments were evaluable for 335 patients in the ribociclib arm and 337 patients in the placebo arm. Adherence rates at baseline and ?1 postbaseline time point were 90% and 83%, respectively. Patients treated with ribociclib?+?ET had a longer time to deterioration (TTD)???10% in global HRQoL {hazard ratio (HR), 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.86]}. TTD???10% in global HRQoL was delayed in ribociclib-treated patients without versus with disease progression [HR, 0.31 (95% CI, 0.21-0.48)]. TTD???10% in pain was longer with ribociclib?+?ET than with placebo?+?ET [HR, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45-0.92)]. Patients who received a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor experienced similar benefits with ribociclib versus placebo in global HRQoL and pain. Conclusion:HRQoL was maintained longer in patients who received ribociclib?+?ET versus placebo?+?ET. These data, combined with previously reported improvements in PFS and OS, support a strong clinical benefit-to-risk ratio with ribociclib-based treatment in pre- and perimenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- ABC.
| S-EPMC7385843 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.The Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00066690) randomly assigned premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer to 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression (OFS), or exemestane plus OFS. The primary analysis compared disease-free survival (DFS) between tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen alone; exemestane plus OFS versus tamoxifen was a secondary objective. After 8 years, SOFT reported a significant reduction in recurrence and improved overall survival (OS) with adjuvant tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen alone. Here, we report outcomes after median follow-up of 12 years. DFS remained significantly improved with tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98) with a 12-year DFS of 71.9% with tamoxifen, 76.1% with tamoxifen plus OFS, and 79.0% with exemestane plus OFS. OS was improved with tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.01) and was 86.8% with tamoxifen, 89.0% with tamoxifen plus OFS, and 89.4% with exemestane plus OFS at 12 years. Among those who received prior chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative tumors, OS was 78.8% with tamoxifen, 81.1% with tamoxifen plus OFS, and 84.4% with exemestane plus OFS. In conclusion, after 12 years, there remains a benefit from including OFS in adjuvant endocrine therapy, with an absolute improvement in OS more apparent with higher baseline risk of recurrence.[Media: see text].
| S-EPMC10419521 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ongoing, Phase Ib MONALEESASIA study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in Asian patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Eligible patients from Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore were enrolled in this 2-phase study consisting of a dose-escalation phase to determine the maximum-tolerated dose and the recommended Phase II dose of ribociclib plus letrozole, and a dose-expansion phase to evaluate safety and tolerability of ribociclib plus letrozole, fulvestrant, or tamoxifen. An exploratory biomarker analysis evaluating expression of target genes was also conducted. In the dose-escalation phase, the maximum-tolerated/recommended Phase II doses of ribociclib were lower in Japanese patients (300 mg) than in Asian non-Japanese patients (600 mg). Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy at the recommended Phase II dose had a manageable safety profile, with neutropenia and elevated liver transaminases being the most common adverse events leading to dose modifications or discontinuations, and it demonstrated evidence of clinical activity in both Japanese and Asian non-Japanese patients. Preliminary efficacy in Asian populations is similar to that observed in White populations studied in previous ribociclib (MONALEESA) trials. Biomarker analysis demonstrated suppression of pharmacodynamic biomarker gene expression, indicating inhibition of target genes by ribociclib combined with endocrine therapy. Results from the ongoing study support the use of ribociclib in combination with letrozole in Asian non-Japanese patients at the same dose (600 mg) as White patients. In Japanese patients, a lower dose of ribociclib (300 mg) should be considered. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02333370.
| S-EPMC7469771 | biostudies-literature
Project description:LESSON LEARNED:Panitumumab plus irinotecan is not active for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. BACKGROUND:Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a lethal cancer with increasing incidence. Panitumumab (Pa) is a fully humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody against human EGFR. Cetuximab (Cx) combined with irinotecan (Ir) is active for second-line treatment of colorectal cancer. This phase II study was designed to evaluate Pa plus Ir as second-line therapy for advanced EAC. METHODS:The primary endpoint was response rate (RR). Patients with one prior treatment were given Pa 9 mg/m2 on day 1 and Ir 125 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. Inclusion criteria were confirmed EAC, measurable disease, no prior Ir or Pa, performance status <2, and normal organ function. RESULTS:Twenty-four patients were enrolled; 18 were eligible and evaluable. These patients were all white, with a median age of 62.5 years (range, 33-79 years), and included 15 men and 3 women. The median number of cycles was 3.5. The most common grade 1-2 adverse events were fatigue, diarrhea, anemia, leukopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. Grade 3-4 adverse events included hematologic, gastrointestinal, electrolyte, rash, fatigue, and weight loss. The median follow-up was 7.2 months (range, 2.3-14 months). There were no complete remissions. The partial response rate was 6% (1/18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.26). The clinical benefit (partial response [PR] plus stable disease [SD]) rate was 50%. The median overall survival was 7.2 months (95% CI, 4.1-8.9) with an 11.1% 1-year survival rate. The median progression-free survival was 2.9 months (95% CI, 1.6-5.3). CONCLUSION:Irinotecan and panitumumab as second-line treatment for advanced EAC are not active.
| S-EPMC6192615 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aim:To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) versus ET alone in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) from China, Brazil, India, and South Africa. Methods:This randomized, double-blind, phase III study was conducted between 9 December 2016 and 29 March 2019. Postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative ABC with no prior systemic therapy in an advanced setting (cohort A) or progression on prior ET (cohort B) received abemaciclib (150?mg twice daily) or placebo plus: anastrozole (1?mg/day) or letrozole (2.5?mg/day) (cohort A) or fulvestrant (500?mg per label) (cohort B). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in cohort A, analyzed using the stratified log-rank test. Secondary endpoints were PFS in cohort B (key secondary endpoint), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. This interim analysis was planned after 119 PFS events in cohort A. Results:In cohort A, 207 patients were randomly assigned to the abemaciclib arm and 99 to the placebo arm. Abemaciclib significantly improved PFS versus placebo (median: not reached versus 14.7?months; hazard ratio 0.499; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.346-0.719; p?=?0.0001). ORR was 65.9% in the abemaciclib arm and 36.1% in the placebo arm (p?<?0.0001, measurable disease population). In cohort B, 104 patients were randomly assigned to the abemaciclib arm and 53 to the placebo arm. Abemaciclib significantly improved PFS versus placebo (median: 11.5 versus 5.6?months; hazard ratio 0.376; 95% CI 0.240-0.588; p?<?0.0001). ORR was 50.0% in the abemaciclib arm and 10.5% in the placebo arm (p?<?0.0001, measurable disease population). The most frequent grade ?3 adverse events in the abemaciclib arms were neutropenia, leukopenia, and anemia (both cohorts), and lymphocytopenia (cohort B). Conclusion:The addition of abemaciclib to ET demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS and ORR, without new safety signals observed in this population.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02763566.
| S-EPMC7586037 | biostudies-literature