Increased mortality rates in young and middle-aged patients with malignant germ cell tumours.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fossa SD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2409607 | biostudies-other | 2004 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Nonepithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of rare malignancies, including germ cell tumours (GCT) and sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), along with small-cell carcinomas and sarcomas. GCTs represent 2-5% of ovarian cancers, with a yearly incidence of 4:100,000, and they usually affect young women and adolescents. Precursory germ cells of the ovary form the basis of GCT. They are histologically classified into primitive GCT, teratomas, and monodermal and somatic-type tumours associated with dermoid cysts. A primitive GCT can be either a yolk sac tumour (YST), dysgerminoma, or mixed germ cell neoplasm. Teratomas are either mature (benign) or immature (malignant). Given that malignant GCTs occur rarely compared to epithelial ovarian tumours (EOC), greater focus is required in their diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and molecular biology, along with the management and therapeutic challenges.
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Project description:Hippocampal tissues from young and middle-aged C57BL/6J mice were harvested at 4-hour intervals over two days and processed for proteomic analysis using label-free quantification.
2020-05-26 | PXD013364 | Pride
Project description:BackgroundCancer treatments suppress immune function and are associated with increased risk of infections, but the overall burden of serious infectious diseases in treated patients has not been clearly elucidated.MethodsAll patients treated for solid malignant tumours with radiotherapy (RT) and/or standard first-line chemotherapy (C) at the Department of Oncology at Rigshospitalet between 01/1/2010 and 31/12/2016 were included. Patients were followed from treatment initiation until the first of new cancer treatment, 1 year after treatment initiation, end of follow-up or death. Incidence rates (IR) of positive blood culture (PBC) per 1000 person-years follow-up (PYFU) were calculated.Findings12,433 individuals were included, 3582 (29%), 6349 (51%), and 2502 (20%) treated with RT, C, or both RT & C, respectively, contributing 8182 PYFU. 429 (3%) individuals experienced 502 unique episodes of PBC, incidence rate (95% CI) 52.43 (47.7, 57.6) per 1000 PYFU. The 30-day mortality rate after PBC was 24% independent of treatment modality. Adjusted incidence rate ratios in the first 3 months (95% CI) after PBC significantly varied by treatment: 2.89 (1.83, 4.55) and 2.52 (1.53, 4.14) for C and RT & C compared to RT. Escherichia coli (n = 127, 25%) was the top microorganism identified.InterpretationPBCs are not common, but when they occur, mortality is high.
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Project description:Aging is associated with cognitive decline and decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut. SCFAs are significant in that they are protective to the gut and other organs. We tested the hypothesis that the aged gut microbiome alone is sufficient to decrease SCFAs in the host and produce cognitive decline. Fecal transplant gavages (FTGs) from aged (18-20 months) or young (2-3 months) male C57BL/6 mice into germ-free male C57BL/6 mice (N = 11 per group) were initiated at ~3 months of age. Fecal samples were collected and behavioral testing was performed over the study period. Bacterial community structures and relative abundances were measured in fecal samples by sequencing the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Mice with aged and young microbiomes showed clear differences in bacterial β diversity at 30, 60, and 90 d (P = .001 for each) after FTGs. The fecal SCFAs, acetate, propionate, and butyrate (microbiome effect, P < .01 for each) were decreased in mice with an aged microbiome. Mice with an aged microbiome demonstrated depressive-like behavior, impaired short-term memory, and impaired spatial memory over the 3 months following the initial FTG as assessed by the tail suspension (P = .008), the novel object recognition (P < .001), and the Barnes Maze (P = .030) tests, respectively. We conclude that an aged microbiome alone is sufficient to decrease SCFAs in the host and to produce cognitive decline.
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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2013-10-11 | E-GEOD-29637 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:IntroductionTreatments for young patients with gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly defined, and their effects on survival are uncertain. We aimed to investigate the receipt of chemotherapy by age category (18-49, 50-64, and 65-85 years) and explore whether age differences in chemotherapy matched survival gains in patients with GC.MethodsPatients who were histologically diagnosed with GC were included from a Chinese multi-institutional database and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. There were 5,122 and 31,363 patients aged 18-85 years treated between 2000 and 2014, respectively. Overall survival and stage-specific likelihood of receiving chemotherapy were evaluated.ResultsOf the 5,122 and 31,363 patients in China and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result data sets, 3,489 (68.1%) and 18,115 (57.8%) were men, respectively. Younger (18-49 years) and middle-aged (50-64 years) patients were more likely to receive chemotherapy compared with older patients (65-85 years) (64.9%, 56.7%, and 45.4% in the 3 groups from the China data set). Among patients treated with surgery alone, a significantly better prognosis was found in younger and middle-aged patients than their older counterparts; however, no significant differences were found in overall survival among age subgroups in patients who received both surgery and chemotherapy, especially in the China data set. The survival benefit from chemotherapy was superior among older patients (all P < 0.0001) compared with that among younger and middle-aged patients in stage II and III disease.DiscussionPotential overuse of chemotherapy was found in younger and middle-aged patients with GC, but the addition of chemotherapy did not bring about matched survival improvement, especially in the China data set.
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Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the long-term outcomes for patients hospitalised with chronic diseases at age 30, 40 or 50 years.DesignNationwide, population-based cohort study.SettingAll Danish hospitals, 1979-1989, with follow-up through 2014.ParticipantsPatients hospitalised during the study period with one, two or three or more chronic diseases and age-matched and sex-matched persons from the general population without chronic disease leading to hospitalisation: age-30 group: 13 857 patients and 69 285 comparators; age-40 group: 24 129 patients and 120 645 comparators; and age-50 group, 37 807 patients and 189 035 comparators.Main outcome measuresTwenty-five-year mortality risks based on Kaplan-Meier estimates, years-of-life-lost (YLLs) and mortality rate ratios based on Cox regression analysis. YLLs were computed for each morbidity level, as well as in strata of income, employment, education and psychiatric conditions.ResultsTwenty-five-year mortality risks and YLLs increased steadily with increasing number of morbidities leading to hospitalisation and age, but the risk difference with general population comparators remained approximately constant across age cohorts. In the age-30 cohort, the risk differences for patients compared with comparators were 35.0% (95% CI 32.5 to 37.5) with two diseases and 62.5% (54.3% to 70.3%) with three or more diseases. In the age-50 cohort, these differences were, respectively, 48.4% (47.4 to 49.3) and 61.7% (60.1% to 63.0%). Increasing morbidity burden augmented YLLs resulting from low income, unemployment, low education level and psychiatric conditions. In the age-30 cohort, YYLs attributable to low income were 2.4 for patients with one disease, 6.2 for patients with two diseases and 11.5 for patients with three or more diseases.ConclusionsAmong patients with multiple chronic diseases, the risk of death increases steadily with the number of chronic diseases and with age. Multimorbidity augments the already increased mortality among patients with low socioeconomic status.
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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2023-08-18 | GSE240292 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundYolk sac tumours (YSTs) and germinomas are the two major pure histological subtypes of germ cell tumours. To date, the role of DNA methylation in the aetiology of this class of tumour has only been analysed in adult testicular forms and with respect to only a few genes.MethodsA bank of paediatric tumours was analysed for global methylation of LINE-1 repeat elements and global methylation of regulatory elements using GoldenGate methylation arrays.ResultsBoth germinomas and YSTs exhibited significant global hypomethylation of LINE-1 elements. However, in germinomas, methylation of gene regulatory regions differed little from control samples, whereas YSTs exhibited increased methylation at a large proportion of the loci tested, showing a 'methylator' phenotype, including silencing of genes associated with Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that the methylator phenotype of YSTs was coincident with higher levels of expression of the DNA methyltransferase, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B, suggesting a mechanism underlying the phenotype.ConclusionEpigenetic silencing of a large number of potential tumour suppressor genes in YSTs might explain why they exhibit a more aggressive natural history than germinomas and silencing of genes associated with Caspase-8-dependent cell death might explain the relative resistance of YSTs to conventional therapy.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Due to the general susceptibility of new coronaviruses, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly and young patients may be different. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with 2019 new-type coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). METHODS:This is a retrospective study of patients with new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) who were hospitalized in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 15, 2020 to February 18, 2020. Compare the clinical characteristics of elderly with Young and Middle-aged patients. RESULTS:A total of 56 patients were enrolled 18 elderly patients (32.14%), and 38 young and middle-aged patients (67.86%). The most common symptoms in both groups were fever, followed by cough and sputum. Four patients in the elderly group received negative pressure ICU for mechanical ventilation, and five patients in the young and middle-aged group. One patient died in the elderly group (5.56%), and two patients died in the young and middle-aged group (5.26%). The PSI score of the elderly group was higher than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with PSI grades IV and V was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05). The proportion of multiple lobe involvement in the elderly group was higher than that in the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.001), and there was no difference in single lobe lesions between the two groups. The proportion of lymphocytes in the elderly group was significantly lower than that in the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.001), and the C-reactive protein was significantly higher in the young group (P < 0.001). The Lopinavir and Ritonavir Tablets, Chinese medicine, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation were statistically different in the elderly group and the young and middle-aged group, and the P values were all <0.05. INTERPRETATION:The mortality of elderly patients with COVID-19 is higher than that of young and middle-aged patients, and the proportion of patients with PSI grade IV and V is significantly higher than that of young and middle-aged patients. Elderly patients with COVID-19 are more likely to progress to severe disease.
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