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Purinergic receptors are part of a signalling system for proliferation and differentiation in distinct cell lineages in human anagen hair follicles.

ABSTRACT: We investigated the expression of P2X(5), P2X(7), P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) receptor subtypes in adult human anagen hair follicles and in relation to markers of proliferation [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67], keratinocyte differentiation (involucrin) and apoptosis (anticaspase-3). Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that P2X(5), P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) receptors were expressed in spatially distinct zones of the anagen hair follicle: P2Y(1) receptors in the outer root sheath and bulb, P2X(5) receptors in the inner and outer root sheaths and medulla and P2Y(2) receptors in living cells at the edge of the cortex/medulla. P2X(7) receptors were not expressed. Colocalisation experiments suggested different functional roles for these receptors: P2Y(1) receptors were associated with bulb and outer root sheath keratinocyte proliferation, P2X(5) receptors were associated with differentiation of cells of the medulla and inner root sheaths and P2Y(2) receptors were associated with early differentiated cells in the cortex/medulla that contribute to the formation of the hair shaft. The therapeutic potential of purinergic agonists and antagonists for controlling hair growth is discussed.

SUBMITTER: Greig AV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2583201 | biostudies-other | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling: purinoceptors control cell proliferation, differentiation and death.

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Purinergic signalling.

Project description:While there were early papers about the extracellular actions of purines, the role of ATP as a purinergic neurotransmitter in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerves in the gut and bladder in 1972 was a landmark discovery, although it met considerable resistance for the next 20 years. In the early 1990s, receptors for purines were cloned: four P1 receptor subtypes and seven P2X ionotropic and eight P2Y metabotropic receptor subtypes are currently recognized and characterized. The mechanisms underlying ATP release and breakdown are discussed. Purines and pyrimidines have major roles in the activities of non-neuronal cells as well as neurons. This includes fast signalling roles in exocrine and endocrine secretion, platelet aggregation, vascular endothelial cell-mediated vasodilation and nociceptive mechanosensory transduction, as well as acting as a cotransmitter and neuromodulator in most, if not all, nerve types in the peripheral and central nervous systems. More recently, slow (trophic) purinergic signalling has been implicated in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and death in embryological development, wound healing, restenosis, atherosclerosis, ischaemia, cell turnover of epithelial cells in skin and visceral organs, inflammation, neuroprotection and cancer.

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The First Evidence of Bacterial Foci in the Hair Part and Dermal Papilla of Scalp Hair Follicles: A Pilot Comparative Study in Alopecia Areata.

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2021-02-19 | E-MTAB-9362 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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