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Amino acid sequence of a deltalike toxin from Staphylococcus epidermidis.

ABSTRACT: A deltalike toxin produced by a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis was purified, and the amino acid sequence was determined. The toxin molecule consisted of 25 amino acid residues and shared a high degree of molecular homology with delta toxin purified from a Staphylococcus aureus human isolate.

SUBMITTER: McKevitt AI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC258650 | biostudies-other | 1990 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Amino acid sequence of a deltalike toxin from Staphylococcus epidermidis.

McKevitt A I AI Bjornson G L GL Mauracher C A CA Scheifele D W DW

Infection and immunity 19900501 5

A deltalike toxin produced by a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis was purified, and the amino acid sequence was determined. The toxin molecule consisted of 25 amino acid residues and shared a high degree of molecular homology with delta toxin purified from a Staphylococcus aureus human isolate. ...[more]

PMID: 2323825

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Toxin mediates sepsis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Project description:Bacterial sepsis is a major killer in hospitalized patients. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) with the leading species Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most frequent causes of nosocomial sepsis, with most infectious isolates being methicillin resistant. However, which bacterial factors underlie the pathogenesis of CNS sepsis is unknown. While it has been commonly believed that invariant structures on the surface of CNS trigger sepsis by causing an over-reaction of the immune system, we show here that sepsis caused my methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis is to a large extent mediated by the methicillin resistance island-encoded peptide toxin, PSM-mec. PSM-mec contributed to bacterial survival in whole human blood and resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing, and caused significantly increased mortality and cytokine expression in a mouse sepsis model. Furthermore, we show that the PSM-mec peptide itself, rather than the regulatory RNA in which its gene is embedded, is responsible for the observed virulence phenotype. While toxins have never been clearly indicated in CNS infections, our study shows that an important type of infection caused by the predominant CNS species, S. epidermidis, is mediated to a large extent by a toxin. Of note, these findings suggest that CNS infections may be amenable to virulence-targeted drug development approaches. We used microarrays to detail the global gene expression between S. epidermidis strain Rp62A and S. epidermidis strain Rp62A isogenic Δpsm-mec deletion mutants

2017-01-06 | GSE85265 | GEO

Toxin Mediates Sepsis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Project description:Bacterial sepsis is a major killer in hospitalized patients. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) with the leading species Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most frequent causes of nosocomial sepsis, with most infectious isolates being methicillin-resistant. However, which bacterial factors underlie the pathogenesis of CNS sepsis is unknown. While it has been commonly believed that invariant structures on the surface of CNS trigger sepsis by causing an over-reaction of the immune system, we show here that sepsis caused by methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis is to a large extent mediated by the methicillin resistance island-encoded peptide toxin, PSM-mec. PSM-mec contributed to bacterial survival in whole human blood and resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing, and caused significantly increased mortality and cytokine expression in a mouse sepsis model. Furthermore, we show that the PSM-mec peptide itself, rather than the regulatory RNA in which its gene is embedded, is responsible for the observed virulence phenotype. This finding is of particular importance given the contrasting roles of the psm-mec locus that have been reported in S. aureus strains, inasmuch as our findings suggest that the psm-mec locus may exert effects in the background of S. aureus strains that differ from its original role in the CNS environment due to originally "unintended" interferences. Notably, while toxins have never been clearly implied in CNS infections, our tissue culture and mouse infection model data indicate that an important type of infection caused by the predominant CNS species is mediated to a large extent by a toxin. These findings suggest that CNS infections may be amenable to virulence-targeted drug development approaches.

| S-EPMC5289634 | biostudies-literature

Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457.

Project description:Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457 is a frequently utilized strain that is amenable to genetic manipulation and has been widely used for biofilm-related research. We report here the whole-genome sequence of this strain, which encodes 2,277 protein-coding genes and 81 RNAs within its 2.4-Mb genome and plasmid.

| S-EPMC5454206 | biostudies-literature

Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis CSF41498.

Project description:Staphylococcus epidermidis CSF41498 is amenable to genetic manipulation and has been used to study mechanisms of biofilm formation. We report here the whole-genome sequence of this strain, which contains 2,427 protein-coding genes and 82 RNAs within its 2,481,008-bp-long genome, as well as three plasmids.

| S-EPMC6328648 | biostudies-literature

Improved multilocus sequence typing scheme for Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Project description:We evaluated three multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes for Staphylococcus epidermidis and selected the seven most discriminatory loci for the formation of a new, more powerful MLST scheme. This improved scheme gave 31 sequence types (STs) and 5 clonal complexes (CCs), whereas the other schemes delineate 16 to 24 STs and 1 to 3 CCs.

| S-EPMC1829011 | biostudies-literature

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis transcriptomic response to sapienic acid

Project description:Staphylococcus aureus Newman and Staphylococcus epidermidis Tu3298, 20 minutes post challenge with sub-inhibitory concentration of sapienic acid vs equivalent concentration of ethanol. Challenge was added at mid logarithmic growth (OD600 0.5). Biological triplicates of samples were sequenced.

2016-07-31 | E-MTAB-4587 | biostudies-arrayexpress

First complete genome sequence of two Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteriophages.

Project description:Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and is often associated with infections in patients with implanted prosthetic devices. A number of virulence determinants have been identified in S. epidermidis, which are typically acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Due to the high recombination potential, bacteriophages play an important role in these transfer events. Knowledge of phage genome sequences provides insights into phage-host biology and evolution. We present the complete genome sequence and a molecular characterization of two S. epidermidis phages, phiPH15 (PH15) and phiCNPH82 (CNPH82). Both phages belonged to the Siphoviridae family and produced stable lysogens. The PH15 and CNPH82 genomes displayed high sequence homology; however, our analyses also revealed important functional differences. The PH15 genome contained two introns, and in vivo splicing of phage mRNAs was demonstrated for both introns. Secondary structures for both introns were also predicted and showed high similarity to those of Streptococcus thermophilus phage 2972 introns. An additional finding was differential superinfection inhibition between the two phages that corresponded with differences in nucleotide sequence and overall gene content within the lysogeny module. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on all known Siphoviridae, which showed PH15 and CNPH82 clustering with Staphylococcus aureus, creating a novel clade within the S. aureus group and providing a higher overall resolution of the siphophage branch of the phage proteomic tree than previous studies. Until now, no S. epidermidis phage genome sequences have been reported in the literature, and thus this study represents the first complete genomic and molecular description of two S. epidermidis phages.

| S-EPMC1855768 | biostudies-literature

The amino acid sequence of Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase.

Project description:The amino acid sequence of the penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) from Staphylococcus aureus strain PC1 was determined. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 257 residues, and the sequence was determined by characterization of tryptic, chymotryptic, peptic and CNBr peptides, with some additional evidence from thermolysin and S. aureus proteinase peptides. A mistake in the preliminary report of the sequence is corrected; residues 113-116 are now thought to be -Lys-Lys-Val-Lys- rather than -Lys-Val-Lys-Lys-. Detailed evidence for the amino acid sequence has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50056 (91 pages) at the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained on the terms given in Biochem. J. (1975) 145, 5.

| S-EPMC1172349 | biostudies-other

Multilocus Sequence Typing for Interpreting Blood Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Project description:Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important cause of nosocomial infection and bacteremia. It is also a common contaminant of blood cultures and, as a result, there is frequently uncertainty as to its diagnostic significance when recovered in the clinical laboratory. One molecular strategy that might be of value in clarifying the interpretation of S. epidermidis identified in blood culture is multilocus sequence typing. Here, we examined 100 isolates of this species (50 blood isolates representing true bacteremia, 25 likely contaminant isolates, and 25 skin isolates) and the ability of sequence typing to differentiate them. Three machine learning algorithms (classification regression tree, support vector machine, and nearest neighbor) were employed. Genetic variability was substantial between isolates, with 44 sequence types found in 100 isolates. Sequence types 2 and 5 were most commonly identified. However, among the classification algorithms we employed, none were effective, with CART and SVM both yielding only 73% diagnostic accuracy and nearest neighbor analysis yielding only 53% accuracy. Our data mirror previous studies examining the presence or absence of pathogenic genes in that the overlap between truly significant organisms and contaminants appears to prevent the use of MLST in the clarification of blood cultures recovering S. epidermidis.

| S-EPMC3958685 | biostudies-literature

The glycerol teichoic acid from walls of Staphylococcus epidermidis I2.

Project description:1. Walls of Staphylococcus epidermidis I2 contain 30% (w/w) of a glycerol teichoic acid containing phosphate, d-alanine and d-glucose in the molecular proportions 1:0.25:0.50. 2. The teichoic acid was isolated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid and with dilute aqueous NN-dimethylhydrazine at pH7, and was shown to be a (1-->3)-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) containing beta-d-glucopyranosyl and d-alanyl ester substituents. 3. 2-O-beta-d-Glucopyranosylglycerol was isolated and characterized as its crystalline hexa-O-acetate. 4. Unlike that of certain other bacteria, the peptidoglycan component of the wall is not solubilized by NN-dimethylhydrazine. 5. The membrane teichoic acid is also a (1-->3)-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) but contains a smaller proportion of glucosyl substituents.

| S-EPMC1187389 | biostudies-other

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