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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.

ABSTRACT: The recent development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors offers increasing opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of this new class of drugs to treat and cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the NOD mouse. Treatment of prediabetic and new onset diabetic mice with imatinib (Gleevec) prevented and reversed T1D. Similar results were observed with sunitinib (Sutent), an additional approved multikinase inhibitor, suggesting that the primary target of imatinib, c-Abl, was not essential in blocking disease in this model. Additional studies with another TK inhibitor, PLX647 (targeting c-Kit and c-Fms) or an anti-c-Kit mAb showed only marginal efficacy whereas a soluble form of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), PDGFRbetaIg, rapidly reversed diabetes. These findings strongly suggest that inhibition of PDGFR is critical to reverse diabetes and highlight a crucial role of inflammation in the development of T1D. These conclusions were supported by the finding that the adaptive immune system was not significantly affected by imatinib treatment. Finally, and most significantly, imatinib treatment led to durable remission after discontinuation of therapy at 10 weeks in a majority of mice. Thus, long-term efficacy and tolerance is likely to depend on inhibiting a combination of tyrosine kinases supporting the use of selective kinase inhibitors as a new, potentially very attractive approach for the treatment of T1D.

SUBMITTER: Louvet C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2596241 | biostudies-other | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.

Louvet Cédric C Szot Gregory L GL Lang Jiena J Lee Michael R MR Martinier Nicolas N Bollag Gideon G Zhu Shirley S Weiss Arthur A Bluestone Jeffrey A JA

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20081117 48

The recent development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors offers increasing opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of this new class of drugs to treat and cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the NOD mouse. Treatment of prediabetic and new onset diabetic mice with imatinib (Gleevec) prevented and reversed T1D. Similar results were observed with sunitinib (Sutent), an additional approved multikinase inhibitor, suggesting that t ...[more]

PMID: 19015530

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Project description:Background: Epigenetic alteration of the genome has been shown to provide palliative effects in mouse models of certain human autoimmune disorders. We have investigated whether chromatin remodeling could provide protection against autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Treatment of female mice during the transition from prediabetic to diabetic stage (18-24 weeks of age) with the well-characterized histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA) effectively reduced the incidence of diabetes and abrogated the ability of splenocytes to adoptively transfer the disease into immunodeficient NOD.scid mice. Protection against diabetes was accompanied by histone hyperacetylation in pancreas and spleen, increased frequency of CD4+ CD62L+ cells in the spleen, reduction in cellular infiltration of islets, restoration of normoglycemia and glucose-induced insulin release by beta cells. In vitro activation of splenic T lymphocytes derived from protected mice resulted in enhanced expression of IFN-gamma mRNA and protein without altering the expression of Il4, Il17, Il18, Inos, and Tnfa genes nor the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-alpha proteins. Consistently, expression of the transcription factor involved in Ifng transcription, Tbet/Tbx21 but not Gata3 and Rorgt, respectively required for the transcription of Il4 and Il17, was upregulated in activated splenocytes of protected mice. These data indicate that abrogation of autoimmune diabetes is associated with the selective upregulation of certain inducible genes in T lymphocytes. Microarray analysis was performed to determine the changes in global gene expression underlying abrogation of autoimmune diabetes by TSA-mediated epigenetic modulation and identified a distinct group of genes down-regulated during this process. Female NOD mice were treated subcutaneously with TSA (500 µg/Kg body weight) during the transition from prediabetic to diabetic stage (18-24 weeks of age), at weekly intervals. Since we sought to determine the modulation of global gene expression associated with long-term protection against diabetes, TSA treated mice were killed between 32 and 36 weeks of age and total RNA was extracted from uninduced splenocytes. RNA was also extracted from splenocytes of untreated mice that became diabetic and those that did not develop diabetes till 36 weeks of age. Blood glucose levels were determined weekly to monitor the glycemic condition in untreated and TSA-treated mice. To minimize the variability in gene expression among individual mice, RNA was extracted from splenocytes of 3 to 5 mice per group and pooled. Each sample was hybridized to microchips in duplicate. Female NOD mice were treated with Trichostatin A (500 µg/Kg body weight) between 18-24 weeks of age or left untreated.

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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.

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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.

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