New technologies to reduce pediatric radiation doses.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bernhardt P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2663645 | biostudies-other | 2006 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:The Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) has been commissioned by the Department of Health and Ageing to undertake a project to assess new Radiation Oncology Technology and Treatments. This project is being undertaken in response to a recognised need for the Medicare Benefits Schedule to support appropriate new radiation oncology technologies and treatments as they become available, to ensure optimal patient care.
The first phase of the project required TROG to develop a Generic Research Framework (the Framework) capable of collecting and generating information to substantiate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of new technologies and treatments.
The second (and current) phase of the project requires that the Framework be piloted to assess the safety, clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) in four tumour site specific regions:
A. Post Prostatectomy(IMRT) B. Anal Cancer (IMRT) C. Nasopharynx (IMRT) D. Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer (IGRT)
The aims of the site specific components of the ANROTAT protocol are as follows:
Protocol A. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT in patients with prostate cancer (PP).
Protocol B. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT in AC.
Protocol C. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT in NPC.
Protocol D. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IGRT compared to non-IGRT in patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer.
| 2108662 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has played a key role in enhancing food production and keeping half of the world's population adequately fed. However, decades of N fertilizer overuse in many parts of the world have contributed to soil, water, and air pollution; reducing excessive N losses and emissions is a central environmental challenge in the 21st century. China's participation is essential to global efforts in reducing N-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because China is the largest producer and consumer of fertilizer N. To evaluate the impact of China's use of N fertilizer, we quantify the carbon footprint of China's N fertilizer production and consumption chain using life cycle analysis. For every ton of N fertilizer manufactured and used, 13.5 tons of CO2-equivalent (eq) (t CO2-eq) is emitted, compared with 9.7 t CO2-eq in Europe. Emissions in China tripled from 1980 [131 terrogram (Tg) of CO2-eq (Tg CO2-eq)] to 2010 (452 Tg CO2-eq). N fertilizer-related emissions constitute about 7% of GHG emissions from the entire Chinese economy and exceed soil carbon gain resulting from N fertilizer use by several-fold. We identified potential emission reductions by comparing prevailing technologies and management practices in China with more advanced options worldwide. Mitigation opportunities include improving methane recovery during coal mining, enhancing energy efficiency in fertilizer manufacture, and minimizing N overuse in field-level crop production. We find that use of advanced technologies could cut N fertilizer-related emissions by 20-63%, amounting to 102-357 Tg CO2-eq annually. Such reduction would decrease China's total GHG emissions by 2-6%, which is significant on a global scale.
| S-EPMC3666697 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chromosome conformation-capture technologies are widely used in 3D genomics; however, experimentally, such methods have high-noise limitations and, therefore, require significant bioinformatics efforts to extract reliable distal interactions. Miscellaneous undesired linear DNAs, present during proximity-ligation, represent a main noise source which needs to be minimized or eliminated. In this study, different exonuclease combinations were tested to remove linear DNA fragments from a circularized DNA preparation. This method efficiently removed linear DNAs, raised the proportion of annulation and increased valid-pairs ratio from 30-40% to 70-80% for enhanced interaction detection in standard Hi-C. This strategy is applicable for development of various 3D genomics technologies, or optimization of Hi-C sequencing efficiency.
2020-04-08 | GSE125656 | GEO
Project description:5B1 is a fully human, monoclonal antibody that has shown promise for the PET imaging of cancers expressing carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9)--a carbohydrate prevalent in cells with aberrant glycosylation and an established effector of metastasis. The long physiologic half-life of the antibody and interference from circulating CA19.9 may increase the time required to generate quality images as well as the risk of radiation exposure to healthy tissues during repeated PET imaging. Pretargeting methodologies are an effective approach to expeditiously acquire PET images, but in this case, the pretargeting approach is complicated by the internalization of 5B1 by CA19.9-expressing cells. We sought to adapt and optimize a pretargeting strategy that exploits the bioorthogonal reaction between transcyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz) to overcome these complications.5B1 was modified with TCO, and a novel NOTA-PEG7-Tz radioligand was synthesized with the goal of improving on a previously reported analog. BxPC3 and Capan-2 cells were evaluated for their ability to internalize anti-CA19.9 antibodies using a fluorometric assay, and xenografts of the same lines were used for in vivo studies. The pretargeting approach was optimized, and the 2 radioligands were compared using biodistribution and PET imaging in murine models of pancreatic cancer.BxPC3 and Capan-2 cells were shown to rapidly internalize anti-CA19.9 monoclonal antibodies, including 5B1. (64)Cu-NOTA-PEG7-Tz showed improved in vivo pharmacokinetics relative to (64)Cu-NOTA-Tz using 5B1-TCO as the targeting vector. PET imaging and biodistribution studies showed that injecting the radioligand 72 h after the administration of 5B1-TCO resulted in the best uptake (8.2 ± 1.7 percentage injected dose per gram at 20 h after injection) and tumor-to-background activity concentration ratios. Dosimetry calculations revealed that the pretargeting system produced a greater than 25-fold reduction in total body radiation exposure relative to (89)Zr-desferrioxamine-5B1. PET/CT imaging in an orthotopic Capan-2 xenograft model--which secretes large amounts of CA19.9 and more rapidly internalizes anti-CA19.9 antibodies--showed that this approach is viable even in the difficult circumstances presented by a circulating antigen and internalized targeting vector.The 5B1-TCO and (64)Cu-NOTA-PEG7-Tz system evaluated in these studies can delineate CA19.9-positive xenografts in murine models of pancreatic cancer despite the challenges posed by the combination of circulating antigen and internalization of the 5B1-TCO.
| S-EPMC4852470 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interventions: The Department of Health and Ageing has asked the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) to develop and pilot a radiation oncology register as part of the ANROTAT (TRP 11.A) project (http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12612000168853.aspx).
The ARORP will include the development and testing of a set of data variables to capture demographics, diagnosis, staging, surgical treatments, quality of Life, follow-up and radiotherapy intervention related data. A cross sectional feedback survey of participating centre staff authorised to enter data into the ARORP will be undertaken to assess the feasibility of the collection of the data items in routine practice as well as the web-based registration, the user manual and the register in general.
Data will be collected in two groups of patients;
1. Prospective ANROTAT (TRP 11.A) study participants at or after the first follow-up visit
2. Patients who are attending for their annual follow-up appointment (including ANROTAT (TRP 11.A) retrospective patients and NON-ANROTAT patients).
The data will be collected from the patients medical records, reports, RT plans and from QoL Questionniares. Patients are to be within 60months of completion of RT treament on registration, therefore the year range of the information collected will be from 2006-2012.
The study population are patients who have undergone;
- Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) or non-IGRT in patient with intermediate risk prostate cancer
- Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or 3DCRT in patients with prostate cancer (post-proctectomy)
- IMRT or 3DCRT in patients with nasophargeal cancer
- IMRT or 3DRT in patients with anal cancer.
This project will be open for registering patients from December 2011 t
Primary outcome(s): To assess the completeness and accuracy of the data collected using the online register system[End of project]
Study Design: Duration: Cross-sectional;Selection: Defined population;Timing: Both
| 2457886 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:UNLABELLED: The indications for intramedullary nailing have expanded to include most tibial shaft fractures. Nail design has improved since their first introduction, but distal locking remains a difficult part of the procedure, resulting in radiation exposure to the patient and the surgeon and increased operation time. To address these issues, we describe an alternative surgical technique using a newly designed distal targeting device that consists of a proximally mounted aiming arm, and we report the preliminary data from its use in all tibial shaft fractures amenable to surgery for a 2-year period. Sixty-three tibial shaft fractures were treated with this method. The mean duration of the distal locking was 6.5 minutes, and in all successful cases, radiation exposure for distal locking was two shots (one shot before targeting and another for the confirmation of proper screw insertion). Radiation exposure was on average 0.85 seconds (range, 0.4-1.2 seconds) and 1.4 mGy (range, 0.8-1.9 mGy). There were no major intraoperative complications related to the technique. The method has certain advantages and can reduce radiation exposure and operation time. Nonetheless, familiarity with the instrumentation is a prerequisite for accurate distal locking. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV Therapeutic study.
| S-EPMC2505307 | biostudies-other
Project description:Chromosome conformation-capture technologies are widely used in 3D genomics; however, experimentally, such methods have high-noise limitations and, therefore, require significant bioinformatics efforts to extract reliable distal interactions. Miscellaneous undesired linear DNAs, present during proximity-ligation, represent a main noise source, which needs to be minimized or eliminated. In this study, different exonuclease combinations were tested to remove linear DNA fragments from a circularized DNA preparation. This method efficiently removed linear DNAs, raised the proportion of annulation and increased the valid-pairs ratio from ?40% to ?80% for enhanced interaction detection in standard Hi-C. This strategy is applicable for development of various 3D genomics technologies, or optimization of Hi-C sequencing efficiency.
| S-EPMC7192622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2016-07-07 | GSE84111 | GEO
Project description:Childhood cancer involves long periods of hospitalization that trigger emotions such as fear or sadness. Previous research has studied the positive effects of technology games on improving the hospitalization experience, but most do not focus on caregivers and none allow interaction with the real time observation of a zoo. The present study evaluates the impact of HabitApp and assesses the short-term impact on the psychosocial state of patients and caregivers in order to improve the hospitalization experience. The participants in this study were 39 patients plus 39 caregivers. A quantitative analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient's and caregiver's psychosocial factors from the pre-play period to 10 min play time, and a significant interaction effect between the psychological state and the impact of HabitApp. The children with highest levels of depression obtained most benefit from the positive effects. A qualitative analysis brought out four themes: physical state, emotional state, social interaction, and hospital routines. Using a user experience questionnaire the patients and caregiver reported high satisfaction rates with the app use. These results confirm that it is important to continue studying this type of technology in order to develop better interventions to be included in an integral approach to this pathology considering caregivers into pediatric oncology patients' play therapy.
| S-EPMC7020696 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on plants is important for environmental protection, for agriculture and horticulture, and for space science but plants have significant biological differences to the animals from which much relevant knowledge is derived. The effects of IR on plants are understood best at acute high doses because there have been; (a) controlled experiments in the field using point sources, (b) field studies in the immediate aftermath of nuclear accidents, and (c) controlled laboratory experiments. A compilation of studies of the effects of IR on plants reveals that although there are numerous field studies of the effects of chronic low doses on plants, there are few controlled experiments that used chronic low doses. Using the Bradford-Hill criteria widely used in epidemiological studies we suggest that a new phase of chronic low-level radiation research on plants is desirable if its effects are to be properly elucidated. We emphasize the plant biological contexts that should direct such research. We review previously reported effects from the molecular to community level and, using a plant stress biology context, discuss a variety of acute high- and chronic low-dose data against Derived Consideration Reference Levels (DCRLs) used for environmental protection. We suggest that chronic low-level IR can sometimes have effects at the molecular and cytogenetic level at DCRL dose rates (and perhaps below) but that there are unlikely to be environmentally significant effects at higher levels of biological organization. We conclude that, although current data meets only some of the Bradford-Hill criteria, current DCRLs for plants are very likely to be appropriate at biological scales relevant to environmental protection (and for which they were intended) but that research designed with an appropriate biological context and with more of the Bradford-Hill criteria in mind would strengthen this assertion. We note that the effects of IR have been investigated on only a small proportion of plant species and that research with a wider range of species might improve not only the understanding of the biological effects of radiation but also that of the response of plants to environmental stress.
| S-EPMC6028737 | biostudies-literature