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Epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence, severity, determinants, and the importance of race/ethnicity.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Studies that contributed to the epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have reported conflicting findings, and often failed to account for all possible co-variables necessary to evaluate the multidimensional associations. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Estimate the prevalence and the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1st and the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, and 2) Identify determinants of presence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1st and 2nd trimesters separately, with a special emphasis on the impact of race/ethnicity. METHODS: A prospective study including pregnant women attending the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine or René-Laennec clinics for their prenatal care was conducted from 2004 to 2006. Women were eligible if they were > or = 18 years of age, and

SUBMITTER: Lacasse A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2713199 | biostudies-other | 2009

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence, severity, determinants, and the importance of race/ethnicity.

Lacasse Anaïs A Rey Evelyne E Ferreira Ema E Morin Caroline C Bérard Anick A

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 20090702

<h4>Background</h4>Studies that contributed to the epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have reported conflicting findings, and often failed to account for all possible co-variables necessary to evaluate the multidimensional associations. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Estimate the prevalence and the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1st and the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, and 2) Identify determinants of presence and severity of nausea and vomiting of ...[more]

PMID: 19573237

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Pharmacogenetic predictors of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy severity and response to antiemetic therapy: a pilot study.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between response to antiemetics in the treatment of NVP and genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor subunit genes HTR3A and HTR3B. METHODS: Pregnant women ?18 years of age with NVP starting antiemetic therapy with promethazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, or ondansetron at???16 weeks gestational age were eligible. The study recruited 29 women with complete data and sampling who returned for their one week follow-up and were genotyped for HTR3A and HTR3B polymorphisms. Severity of NVP was captured (using Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) and Quality of Life (QOL) tools) upon enrollment and after one week of antiemetic therapy. These measures were correlated with pharmacogenetic variability. RESULTS: Subjects with genotype associated with high serotonin affinity of the 5-HT3B receptor (rs1176744, CC) required more antiemetic medications (p?<?0.001) than other subjects. Those with genotypes associated with increased expression of the 5-HT3A receptor subunit (rs1062613, CT or TT) had worse final PUQE scores (p?=?0.01) than other subjects while rs3782025 variants carriers had significantly better initial (p?=?0.02) and final (p?=?0.02) PUQE scores than other subjects. CONCLUSIONS: HTR3B and HTR3A gene variants may contribute to variability in response to antiemetic therapy for NVP.

| S-EPMC3693967 | biostudies-literature

Determinants of adherence to delayed-release doxylamine and pyridoxine in patients with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Project description:ObjectiveWomen often hesitate to take medications in pregnancy due to fears of perceived potential fetal damage. The authors' objective is to identify the determinants of adherence to delayed-release doxylamine-pyridoxine (Diclectin) in patients with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).MethodsThe authors performed a prespecified secondary analysis of a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial of Diclectin versus placebo for the treatment of NVP. Data on adherence to study medication were collected in all patients. The primary outcome of this analysis was adherence to study medication, which was determined by pill counting and patient diaries. The treatment regimen in the original trial was not fixed and depended on patient's symptoms. There was no difference in the adherence rates between subjects in the Diclectin or placebo arms of the study, so the 2 arms were analyzed as one cohort. The degree of adherence was analyzed in the various subgroups. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was constructed to identify predictors to adherence.ResultsTwo hundred fifty-eight women were included in this analysis. There were no differences in adherence rates according to ethnicity, race, or the presence of adverse events. Gravidity, average number of prescribed tablets per day, site of enrollment, and change in NVP severity measured by the pregnancy unique-quantification of emesis score were associated with adherence. In multivariable analysis, average number of tablets per day, change in pregnancy unique-quantification of emesis, number of treatment days, site of enrollment were significantly predictive of adherence, with the former being negatively correlated.ConclusionAdherence to antinauseants for NVP is affected by number of tablets prescribed per day, and treatment duration and effectiveness.

| S-EPMC3477618 | biostudies-literature

Project description:To test whether women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) demonstrated lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores compared with those with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).Women with HG or NVP were examined during the first trimester. Multivariate models identified characteristics of women at risk for low HRQoL, as measured by an NVP-specific HRQoL test and a generic HRQoL test, the Short Form (SF)-36.Although the SF-36 assessment did not discriminate between the two groups, the NVP-specific test showed that women with HG (N=29) were 3-6 times more likely than women with NVP (N=48) to have low HRQoL. Both tests demonstrated that perceived physical symptoms and multiple psychosocial factors, such as depression and marital status, seemed to be equally or more important than having HG.Although a low HRQoL was associated with an HG diagnosis, multiple physical symptoms and psychosocial factors placed both groups of women at risk.

| S-EPMC3511856 | biostudies-literature

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: associations with personal history of nausea and affected relatives.

Project description:PurposeTo examine whether personal history of nausea or history of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) in relatives are risk factors for a woman to suffer from NVP. Further, to evaluate if these factors are associated with the severity of NVP.MethodsCohort study of 2411 pregnant women recruited from maternity health care clinics. The severity of NVP was categorized according to Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) questionnaire into no/mild/moderate/severe NVP. History of nausea was assessed in connection with motion sickness, seasickness, migraine or other kinds of headache, after anesthesia, related to the use of contraceptives, and other kinds of nausea. History of NVP in relatives was categorized into first-degree (mother/sister) and second-degree relatives (more distant).ResultsIn multivariable analysis including previous personal history of nausea, motion sickness (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.81-5.56, p < 0.0001) and nausea in migraine (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.86-5.45, p < 0.0001) were associated with severe NVP. History of nausea in other kinds of headache was associated with moderate NVP (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.34-2.72, p = 0.001). Women with affected first-degree relatives had higher odds for moderate (OR 3.84, 95% CI 2.72-5.40) and severe (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.92-5.28) NVP (p < 0.0001). All these results remained significant after adjusting for parity, body mass index, smoking, employment and age.ConclusionWomen with personal history of nausea or family history of NVP have an increased susceptibility of NVP. This information is useful in pre-pregnancy counselling.

| S-EPMC7471164 | biostudies-literature

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring.

Project description:BackgroundNausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is the most common complication of pregnancy. NVP has been associated with improved fetal outcomes, but its association with childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes has rarely been studied.MethodsSubjects were children aged 5-12 years (n = 560) who were controls in a previously conducted case-control study of prenatal risk factors for craniofacial malformations. Information on NVP, including trimester, duration, and treatment, was collected through a maternal interview conducted within 3 years of delivery. Neurocognition was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III) and the Beery-Buktenica Test of Visual Motor Integration-Fifth Edition (VMI-5). Psychosocial outcomes, including internalising and externalising behaviour problems, were measured by maternal report, using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and teacher report, using the Teacher Report Form. Linear regression models were used to calculate adjusted mean (adjMD -3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.02, -1.06) differences (adjMD) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] on test scores for children exposed and unexposed to NVP in utero. Differences based on trimester, duration, and treatment were assessed.ResultsNVP was reported among 63% of women and was most common in early pregnancy. Children exposed to NVP performed worse on the VMI-5 [-3.04, 95% CI: -5.02, -1.06] but exhibited few other differences from unexposed children. Durations of NVP ≥4 months were associated with poorer scores on PPVT-III (adjMD -2.52), VMI-5 (adjMD -5.41), and CBCL [adjMD 3.38 (internalising) and adjMD 4.19 (externalising)].ConclusionsOverall, there were few differences between children exposed and unexposed to NVP. NVP was associated with slightly worse visual motor performance, and prolonged NVP and NVP extending late into pregnancy were associated with poorer scores on several neurodevelopmental measures.

| S-EPMC4232991 | biostudies-literature

Symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder is related to the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study.

Project description:Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is thought to be caused by changes in maternal hormones during pregnancy. Differences in hormone exposure during prenatal life have been implicated in the causal pathways for some cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no study has investigated whether the presence and severity of NVP may be related to symptom severity in offspring with ASD.A large sample of children with ASD (227 males and 60 females, aged 2 to 18 years) received a clinical assessment, during which parents completed questionnaires regarding their child's social (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) and communication (Children's Communication Checklist-2nd edition, CCC-2) symptoms. Parents also reported on a 5-point scale the frequency and severity of NVPs during the pregnancy of the child being assessed: (1) no NVP during the pregnancy, (2) occasional nausea, but no vomiting, (3) daily nausea, but no vomiting, (4) occasional vomiting, with or without nausea, and (5) daily nausea and vomiting.Impairments in social responsiveness in offspring, as indexed by SRS total score, significantly increased as a function of the frequency and severity of their mothers' NVP, as did the level of language difficulties as indexed by the Global Communication Composite of the CCC-2.The strong, positive association between increasing frequency and severity of NVP and ASD severity in offspring provides further evidence that exposure to an atypical hormonal environment during prenatal life may affect neurodevelopment and contribute to the ASD phenotype. Given that the measure of NVP symptoms in the current study was based on retrospective recall, replication of this finding is required before strong conclusions can be drawn.

| S-EPMC6009817 | biostudies-other

GDF15 linked to maternal risk of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

Project description:GDF15, a hormone acting on the brainstem, has been implicated in the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, including its most severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), but a full mechanistic understanding is lacking1-4. Here we report that fetal production of GDF15 and maternal sensitivity to it both contribute substantially to the risk of HG. We confirmed that higher GDF15 levels in maternal blood are associated with vomiting in pregnancy and HG. Using mass spectrometry to detect a naturally labelled GDF15 variant, we demonstrate that the vast majority of GDF15 in the maternal plasma is derived from the feto-placental unit. By studying carriers of rare and common genetic variants, we found that low levels of GDF15 in the non-pregnant state increase the risk of developing HG. Conversely, women with β-thalassaemia, a condition in which GDF15 levels are chronically high5, report very low levels of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. In mice, the acute food intake response to a bolus of GDF15 is influenced bi-directionally by prior levels of circulating GDF15 in a manner suggesting that this system is susceptible to desensitization. Our findings support a putative causal role for fetally derived GDF15 in the nausea and vomiting of human pregnancy, with maternal sensitivity, at least partly determined by prepregnancy exposure to the hormone, being a major influence on its severity. They also suggest mechanism-based approaches to the treatment and prevention of HG.

| S-EPMC10808057 | biostudies-literature

Self-reported vomiting during pregnancy in North-east Nigeria: perceptions, prevalence, severity and impacts.

Project description:BackgroundVomiting is a common ailment during pregnancy, often linked to negative impacts on women's quality of life. Very little is known about the issue in low income settings, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, with studies from high income settings predominantly informing the evidence base. This study aimed to explore how women perceive vomiting during pregnancy and to measure its prevalence, severity and impacts in North-east Nigeria.MethodsQualitative in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, family interviews and a cross-sectional household survey were carried out between December 2015 and November 2016 with women who had given birth within the past two years. Purposive sampling and thematic analysis were used in the qualitative studies. A three-staged cluster sampling with 640 women and descriptive analyses were used in the survey.ResultsWomen in the qualitative studies reported that vomiting was a normal part of pregnancy, unless a woman vomits after eating, has poor appetite, is not well-nourished, cannot perform chores, is overwhelmed by it or has to go to hospital. In the survey, 35.4% (95% CI 26.5-45.5) of women reported any vomiting during their last pregnancies and of these only 21.1% said it had stopped entirely within the first trimester. Over half of women who reported vomiting did so at least three times per day most days and 34.7% were vomiting five or more times per day during the most severe period. Care-seeking was reported by 61.5%. Both the qualitative and quantitative data found that vomiting impacted women in multiple ways including nutritionally, physiologically, mentally, financially and martially; 50.8% of women with any vomiting in the survey perceived the overall severity of the condition negatively.ConclusionVomiting during pregnancy is dually seen as normal and problematic depending on its characteristics and impacts. The burden appears to be high with many women seeking care for the condition.

| S-EPMC9351193 | biostudies-literature

Rates of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and dietary characteristics across populations.

Project description:Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a pervasive and debilitating phenomenon in humans. Several adaptive explanations for NVP occurrence have been recently proposed, the two most prominent of which predict associations with nutritional intake or specific dietary components. Here we extend previous cross-cultural analyses by analysing associations between NVP prevalence in 56 studies (21 countries) and quantitative estimates of per capita intake across major dietary categories, measured for the year of study by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Rates of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy were correlated with high intake of macronutrients (kilocalories, protein, fat, carbohydrate), as well as sugars, stimulants, meat, milk and eggs, and with low intake of cereals and pulses. Restricting analyses to studies from North America and Europe caused relationships between macronutrient intake and NVP to disappear, suggesting that they might be influenced by non-dietary confounds associated with geographical region of study. However, factor analysis of dietary components revealed one factor significantly associated with NVP rate, which was characterized by low cereal consumption and high intake of sugars, oilcrops, alcohol and meat. The results provide further evidence for an association between diet and NVP prevalence across populations, and support for the idea that NVP serves an adaptive prophylactic function against potentially harmful foodstuffs.

| S-EPMC1635459 | biostudies-literature

The onset of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.

Project description:BackgroundNausea and vomiting are experienced by most women during pregnancy. The onset is usually related to Last Menstrual Period (LMP) the date of which is often unreliable. This study describes the time to onset of nausea and vomiting symptoms from date of ovulation and compares this to date of last menstrual period METHODS: Prospective cohort of women seeking to become pregnant, recruited from 12 May 2014 to 25 November 2016, in the United Kingdom. Daily diaries of nausea and vomiting were kept by 256 women who were trying to conceive. The main outcome measure is the number of days from last menstrual period (LMP) or luteinising hormone surge until onset of nausea or vomiting.ResultsAlmost all women (88%) had Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin rise within 8 to 10 days of ovulation; the equivalent interval from LMP was 20 to 30 days. Many (67%) women experience symptoms within 11 to 20 days of ovulation.ConclusionsOnset of nausea and vomiting occurs earlier than previously reported and there is a narrow window for onset of symptoms. This indicates that its etiology is associated with a specific developmental stage at the foetal-maternal interface.Trial registrationNCT01577147 . Date of registration 13 April 2012.

| S-EPMC7786982 | biostudies-literature

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