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Characterization and temporal development of cores in a mouse model of malignant hyperthermia.

ABSTRACT: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease are related skeletal muscle diseases often linked to mutations in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene, encoding for the Ca(2+) release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In humans, the Y522S RYR1 mutation is associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) and the presence in skeletal muscle fibers of core regions that lack mitochondria. In heterozygous Y522S knock-in mice (RYR1(Y522S/WT)), the mutation causes SR Ca(2+) leak and MHS. Here, we identified mitochondrial-deficient core regions in skeletal muscle fibers from RYR1(Y522S/WT) knock-in mice and characterized the structural and temporal aspects involved in their formation. Mitochondrial swelling/disruption, the initial detectable structural change observed in young-adult RYR1(Y522S/WT) mice (2 months), does not occur randomly but rather is confined to discrete areas termed presumptive cores. This localized mitochondrial damage is followed by local disruption/loss of nearby SR and transverse tubules, resulting in early cores (2-4 months) and small contracture cores characterized by extreme sarcomere shortening and lack of mitochondria. At later stages (1 year), contracture cores are extended, frequent, and accompanied by areas in which contractile elements are also severely compromised (unstructured cores). Based on these observations, we propose a possible series of events leading to core formation in skeletal muscle fibers of RYR1(Y522S/WT) mice: Initial mitochondrial/SR disruption in confined areas causes significant loss of local Ca(2+) sequestration that eventually results in the formation of contractures and progressive degradation of the contractile elements.

SUBMITTER: Boncompagni S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2799858 | biostudies-other | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Characterization and temporal development of cores in a mouse model of malignant hyperthermia.

Boncompagni Simona S Rossi Ann E AE Micaroni Massimo M Hamilton Susan L SL Dirksen Robert T RT Franzini-Armstrong Clara C Protasi Feliciano F

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20091204 51

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease are related skeletal muscle diseases often linked to mutations in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene, encoding for the Ca(2+) release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In humans, the Y522S RYR1 mutation is associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) and the presence in skeletal muscle fibers of core regions that lack mitochondria. In heterozygous Y522S knock-in mice (RYR1(Y522S/WT)), the mutation causes SR Ca(2 ...[more]

PMID: 19966218

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Project description:BackgroundPharmacologic modulation has previously shown that transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels play an important role in the pathogenesis of malignant hyperthermia. This study tested the hypothesis that genetically suppressing the function of TRPC6 can partially ameliorate muscle cation dyshomeostasis and the response to halothane in a mouse model relevant to malignant hyperthermia.MethodsThis study examined the effect of overexpressing a muscle-specific nonconducting dominant-negative TRPC6 channel in 20 RYR1-p.R163C and 20 wild-type mice and an equal number of nonexpressing controls, using calcium- and sodium-selective microelectrodes and Western blots.ResultsRYR1-p.R163C mouse muscles have chronically elevated intracellular calcium and sodium levels compared to wild-type muscles. Transgenic expression of the nonconducting TRPC6 channel reduced intracellular calcium from 331 ± 34 nM (mean ± SD) to 190 ± 27 nM (P < 0.0001) and sodium from 15 ± 1 mM to 11 ± 1 mM (P < 0.0001). Its expression lowered the increase in intracellular Ca2+ of the TRPC6-specific activator hyperforin in RYR1-p.R163C muscle fibers from 52% (348 ± 37 nM to 537 ± 70 nM) to 14% (185 ± 11 nM to 210 ± 44 nM). Western blot analysis of TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression showed the expected increase in TRPC6 caused by overexpression of its dominant-negative transgene and a compensatory increase in expression of TRPC3. Although expression of the muscle-specific dominant-negative TRPC6 was able to modulate the increase in intracellular calcium during halothane exposure and prolonged life (35 ± 5 min vs. 15 ± 3 min; P < 0.0001), a slow, steady increase in calcium began after 20 min of halothane exposure, which eventually led to death.ConclusionsThese data support previous findings that TRPC channels play an important role in causing the intracellular calcium and sodium dyshomeostasis associated with RYR1 variants that are pathogenic for malignant hyperthermia. However, they also show that modulating TRPC channels alone is not sufficient to prevent the lethal effect of exposure to volatile anesthetic malignant hyperthermia-triggering agents.Editor’s perspective

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Characterization and temporal development of cores in a mouse model of malignant hyperthermia.

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Characterization and temporal development of cores in a mouse model of malignant hyperthermia.

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