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Selective enhancement of the uptake and bioactivity of a TAT-conjugated peptide inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3.

ABSTRACT: The use of cell-penetrating peptides as transduction vectors is a promising approach to deliver peptides and proteins into cells. However, the uptake and bioavailability of trans-activating transcriptor (TAT)-conjugated molecules vary depending on the cell type and the cargo. This study aimed to determine whether a low-voltage electrical pulse can enhance the TAT-mediated delivery of peptide cargoes in different cell types. In TF-1 and mouse embryonic stem cells, the uptake of a novel detachable TAT-conjugated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) peptide inhibitor was enhanced by an order of magnitude without affecting the cell viability. A similar increase in uptake was achieved in primary mouse bone marrow cells while maintaining >80% of their viability. Interestingly, under these low-voltage conditions, the uptake of a control peptide not conjugated to TAT was not significantly increased. A T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) luciferase reporter assay was also used to assess the bioactivity of the TAT construct. The results indicated that cells loaded with a low-voltage electrical pulse had a twofold increase in TCF/LEF activity, which was equivalent to a level of GSK-3 inhibition similar to that of cells treated with 20 mmol/l lithium or 500 nmol/l (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime. These results demonstrate the usefulness of low-voltage electrical pulses to enhance the uptake and bioactivity of TAT-conjugated molecules in different cell types.

SUBMITTER: Manceur AP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2835090 | biostudies-other | 2009 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Selective enhancement of the uptake and bioactivity of a TAT-conjugated peptide inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3.

Manceur Aziza P AP Driscoll Brandon D BD Sun Wei W Audet Julie J

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 20081223 3

The use of cell-penetrating peptides as transduction vectors is a promising approach to deliver peptides and proteins into cells. However, the uptake and bioavailability of trans-activating transcriptor (TAT)-conjugated molecules vary depending on the cell type and the cargo. This study aimed to determine whether a low-voltage electrical pulse can enhance the TAT-mediated delivery of peptide cargoes in different cell types. In TF-1 and mouse embryonic stem cells, the uptake of a novel detachable ...[more]

PMID: 19107119

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Project description:The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the biophysical interactions of the trans-activating transcriptor (TAT) peptide-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) with a model cell membrane could predict the cellular uptake of the encapsulated therapeutic agent. To test the above hypothesis, the biophysical interactions of ritonavir-loaded poly(l-lactide) nanoparticles (RNPs), conjugated to either a TAT peptide (TAT-RNPs) or a scrambled TAT peptide (sc-TAT-RNPs), were studied with an endothelial cell model membrane (EMM) using a Langmuir film balance, and the corresponding human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to study the uptake of the encapsulated therapeutic. Biophysical interactions were determined from the changes in surface pressure (SP) of the EMM as a function of time following interaction with NPs, and the compression isotherm (pi-A) of the EMM lipid mixture in the presence of NPs. In addition, the EMMs were transferred onto a silicon substrate following interactions with NPs using the Langmuir-Schaeffer (LS) technique. The transferred LS films were imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the changes in lipid morphology and to characterize the NP-membrane interactions. TAT-RNPs showed an increase in SP of the EMM, which was dependent upon the amount of the peptide bound to NPs and the concentration of NPs, whereas sc-TAT-RNPs and RNPs did not show any significant change in SP. The isotherm experiment showed a shift toward higher mean molecular area (mmA) in the presence of TAT-RNPs, indicating their interactions with the lipids of the EMM, whereas sc-TAT-RNPs and RNPs did not show any significant change. The AFM images showed condensation of the lipids following interaction with TAT-RNPs, indicating their penetration into the EMM, whereas RNPs did not cause any change. Surface analysis and 3-D AFM images of the EMM further confirmed penetration of TAT-RNPs into the EMM, whereas RNPs were seen anchored loosely to the membrane, and were significantly less in number than TAT-RNPs. We speculate that hydrophobic tyrosine of the TAT that forms the NP-interface drives the initial interactions of TAT-RNPs with the EMM, followed by electrostatic interactions with the anionic phospholipids of the membrane. In the case of sc-TAT-RNPs, hydrophilic arginine forms the NP-interface that does not interact with the EMM, despite having the similar cationic charge on these NPs as TAT-RNPs. TAT peptide alone did not show any change in SP, suggesting that the interaction occurs when the peptide is conjugated to a carrier system. HUVECs showed higher uptake of the drug with TAT-RNPs as compared to that with sc-TAT-RNPs or RNPs, suggesting that the biophysical interactions of NPs with cell membrane lipids play a role in cellular internalization of NPs. In conclusion, TAT peptide sequence and the amount of TAT conjugated to NPs significantly affect the biophysical interactions of NPs with the EMM, and these interactions correlate with the cellular delivery of the encapsulated drug. Biophysical interactions with a model membrane thus could be effectively used in developing efficient functionalized nanocarrier systems for drug delivery applications.

Dataset Information

Selective enhancement of the uptake and bioactivity of a TAT-conjugated peptide inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3.

Publications

Selective enhancement of the uptake and bioactivity of a TAT-conjugated peptide inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3.

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