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Hip fracture types in men and women change differently with age.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are expensive and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In most studies hip fractures have been viewed as a unitary fracture but recently the two main types of fracture (intertrochanteric and subcapital) have been viewed as two fractures with a different etiology and requiring a different approach to prevention. The relative proportion of intertrochanteric fractures increases with age in women. In previous studies no particular pattern in men has been noted. In this study, we explored changes in the relative proportion of the two fracture types with age in the two genders. METHODS: Patients of 50 years and older, with a diagnosis of hip fracture, discharged from two local acute care hospitals over a 5 year period (n = 2150) were analyzed as a function of age and gender to explore the relative proportions of intertrochanteric and subcapital fractures, and the change in relative proportion in the two genders with age. RESULTS: Overall, for the genders combined, the proportion of intertrochanteric fractures increases with age (p = .007). In women this increase is significant (p < .001), but in men the opposite pattern is observed, with the proportion of intertrochanteric fractures falling significantly with age (p = .025). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of hip fractures is different in men and women with aging. It is likely that the pattern difference reflects differences in type and rate of bone loss in the genders, but it is conjectured that the changing rate and pattern of falling with increasing age may also be important. The two main hip fracture types should be considered distinct and different and be studied separately in studies of cause and prevention.

SUBMITTER: Tanner DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2850897 | biostudies-other | 2010

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Hip fracture types in men and women change differently with age.

Tanner David A DA Kloseck Marita M Crilly Richard G RG Chesworth Bert B Gilliland Jason J

BMC geriatrics 20100309

<h4>Background</h4>Hip fractures are expensive and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In most studies hip fractures have been viewed as a unitary fracture but recently the two main types of fracture (intertrochanteric and subcapital) have been viewed as two fractures with a different etiology and requiring a different approach to prevention. The relative proportion of intertrochanteric fractures increases with age in women. In previous studies no particular pattern in me ...[more]

PMID: 20214771

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Project description:BackgroundThe impact of gender on functional outcomes after hip fracture is not known. We aimed to determine the extent to which gender influenced functional outcome and response to exercise in older people after hip fracture, and to determine if any differences persisted after adjusting for cognition, weight and age.MethodSecondary analysis of data from the Enhancing Mobility After Hip Fracture trial in which older people after hip fracture received either a lower or higher intensity exercise program. Functional outcomes included physical performance and self-reported measures. Regression models were used to compare genders at baseline, week 4 and week 16, with adjustment for baseline values, cognition, weight and age. Interaction terms were used to assess a differential impact of the intervention by gender.ResultsOutcome data were available for 160 participants, 30 men (19%) and 130 women (81%) at baseline, with the withdrawal of 4 men (13%) and 6 women (5%) at week 16. There were no gender differences for any baseline measures or for most of the 19 functional outcome measures at weeks 4 and 16. At week 4 men performed better in knee extensor strength (2.1 kg, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.7, p < 0.01). This difference did not persist after adjustment for body weight, however persisted after adjusting for baseline, cognition, and age (p = 0.038). At week 4, men performed better in coordinated stability (-10.0 error score, 95% CI -17.6 to -2.4, p=0.010) and this persisted after adjusting for baseline values only but not for cognition and age (p = 0.073). At week 16, men performed better in coordinated stability (-10.2 error score, 95% CI -18.4 to -1.9, p=0.016) and this persisted after adjusting only for cognitive impairment (p = 0.029) but not for age and baseline (p = 0.135). There was no indication of a differential impact of intervention type on the basis of gender.ConclusionsA few between gender differences were observed in strength and balance, however these appeared to be confounded by body weight, age and/or cognition.

Project description:IntroductionTo assess differences in associations of ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) as well as retinal and retrobulbar blood flow between men and women with primary open angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsA total of 116 patients with OAG (age 66.9 ± 10.9 years, 70 females) participating in the Indianapolis Glaucoma Progression Study were assessed for OPP, retinal microcirculation, and retrobulbar blood flow. Confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmetry measured peripapillary retinal capillary blood flow. Color Doppler imaging measured peak systolic (PSV) and diastolic blood flow velocities and vascular resistance in the ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), and nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (N/T PCA). Bivariate Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsIn female patients with OAG, inferior retinal capillary flow was associated with OPP (r = 0.246, P = 0.044). In men, superior and inferior sector retinal blood flow was associated with OPP (r = -0.402, P = 0.006 and r = -0.357, P = 0.016, respectively). There was no statistically significant association between OPP and retrobulbar blood vessel flow velocities in male patients with OAG but there was an association between OA and TPCA PSV and OPP in female patients with OAG (r = 0.290, P = 0.015 and r = 0.357, P = 0.002, respectively). In female patients with OAG, multivariate regression showed no statistically significant effect of any variable on the superior retinal capillary blood flow, with CRA PSV as a sole predictor to the inferior retinal sector (partial rho = 0.302, P = 0.015) and in male patients with OAG, superior sector retinal capillary blood flow was independently associated with intraocular pressure (partial rho = -0.371, P = 0.016) and OPP (partial rho = -0.456, P = 0.002) with a trend of association with OPP in the inferior retina (partial rho = -0.301, P = 0.053).ConclusionsThere was a positive linear association between retinal microcirculation and OPP in females and a negative association in males. Male and female patients with OAG may differ in their vascular autoregulation in response to changes in OPP.

Project description:Background:The relation between dietary fat intake and body weight remains controversial. Few studies have examined long-term changes in types of dietary fat and weight change in longitudinal studies. Objective:The objective of this study was to examine associations between intake of different types of fat and long-term weight change in US women and men. Methods:The association between changes in consumption of varying types of fat and weight change was examined every 4 y through the use of multivariate models adjusted for age, baseline body mass index, and change in percentage energy from protein, intake of cereal fiber, fruits, and vegetables, alcohol use, and other lifestyle covariates in 3 prospective US cohorts, including 121,335 men and women free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or obesity over a 20- to 24-y follow-up. Dietary intakes and body weight were assessed via validated questionnaires. Cohort-specific results were pooled with the use of a random-effect meta-analysis. Results:Compared with equivalent changes in carbohydrate intake, a 5% increase in energy from saturated fatty acid (SFA) and a 1% increase in energy from trans-fat were associated with 0.61 kg (95% CI: 0.54, 0.68 kg) and 0.69 kg (95% CI: 0.56, 0.84 kg) greater weight gain per 4-y period, respectively. A 5% increase in energy from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was associated with less weight gain (-0.55 kg; 95% CI: -0.81, -0.29 kg). Increased intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) from animal sources by 1% was associated with weight gain of 0.29 kg (95% CI: 0.25, 0.33 kg), whereas MUFA from plant sources was not associated with weight gain. Conclusions:Different dietary fats have divergent associations with long-term weight change in US men and women. Replacing saturated and trans-fats with unsaturated fats, especially PUFAs, contributes to the prevention of age-related weight gain. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005152 and NCT00005182.

Project description:BackgroundOsteoporotic hip fractures typically occur in frail elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, and repair of the fracture within 48 h is recommended. Pre-operative evaluation sometimes involves transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to screen for heart disease that would alter peri-operative management, yet TTE can delay surgery and is resource intensive. Evidence suggests that the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can improve care. It is unclear which guidelines are most useful in hip fracture patients.Questions/purposesWe sought to evaluate the performance of the five commonly used CPGs in determining which patients with acute fragility hip fracture require TTE and to identify common features among high-performing CPGs that could be incorporated into care pathways.Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective study of medical records taken from an institutional database of osteoporotic hip fracture patients to identify those who underwent pre-operative TTE. History and physical examination findings were recorded; listed indications for TTE were compared against those given in five commonly used CPGs: those from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE), the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Anaesthesiology(ESC/ESA), the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI), and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). We then calculated the performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the CPGs in identifying patients with TTE results that had the potential to change peri-operative management.ResultsWe identified 100 patients who underwent pre-operative TTE. Among those, the patients met criteria for TTE 32 to 66% of the time, depending on the CPG used. In 14% of those receiving TTE, the test revealed new information with the potential to change management. The sensitivity of the CPGs ranged from 71% (ESC/ESA and AAGBI) to 100% (ACC/AHA and SIGN). The CPGs' specificity ranged from 37% (BSE) to 74% (ESC/ESA). The more sensitive guidelines focused on a change in clinical status in patients with known disease or clinical concern regarding new-onset disease.ConclusionsIn patients requiring fixation of osteoporotic hip fractures, TTE can be useful for identifying pathologies that could directly change peri-operative management. Our data suggest that established CPGs can be safely used to identify which patients should undergo pre-operative TTE with low risk of missed pathology.

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Hip fracture types in men and women change differently with age.

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Hip fracture types in men and women change differently with age.

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