Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Weksberg R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2987155 | biostudies-other | 2010 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common epigenetic overgrowth disorder and presents with patients affected by a variety of clinical features. Although genotype-phenotype correlations have been demonstrated in BWS and although BWS has been reported to occur equally among racial and ethnic backgrounds, no study to date has evaluated the frequency of findings in different backgrounds. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of clinical features and molecular diagnoses among patients with BWS in Caucasian, Mixed, and non-Caucasian groups. These results suggest that clinical features and molecular diagnoses differ between race/ethnicity groups and raise the possibility of race and ethnicity effects on genotype-phenotype correlations in BWS.
| S-EPMC6454922 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Classical Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was diagnosed in two sisters and their male cousin. The children's mothers and a third sister were tall statured (178, 185 and 187?cm) and one had mild BWS features as a child. Their parents had average heights of 173?cm (mother) and 180?cm (father). This second generation tall stature and third generation BWS correlated with increased methylation of the maternal H19/IGF2-locus. The results were obtained by bisulphite treatment and subclone Sanger sequencing or next generation sequencing to quantitate the degree of CpG-methylation on three locations: the H19 promoter region and two CTCF binding sites in the H19 imprinting control region (ICR1), specifically in ICR1 repeats B1 and B7. Upon ICR1 copy number analysis and sequencing, the same maternal point variant NCBI36:11:g.1979595T>C that had been described previously as a cause of BWS in three brothers, was found. As expected, this point variant was on the paternal allele in the non-affected grandmother. This nucleotide variant has been shown to affect OCTamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4) binding, which may be necessary for maintaining the unmethylated state of the maternal allele. Our data extend these findings by showing that the OCT4 binding site mutation caused incomplete switching from paternal to maternal ICR1 methylation imprint, and that upon further maternal transmission, methylation of the incompletely demethylated variant ICR1 allele was further increased. This suggests that maternal and paternal ICR1 alleles are treated differentially in the female germline, and only the paternal allele appears to be capable of demethylation.
| S-EPMC3831082 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is characterized by cancer predisposition, overgrowth and highly variable association of macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, nephrourological anomalies, nevus flammeus, ear malformations, hypoglycemia, hemihyperplasia, and organomegaly. BWS molecular defects, causing alteration of expression or activity of the genes regulated by two imprinting centres (IC) in the 11p15 chromosomal region, are also heterogeneous. In this paper we define (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in molecularly confirmed BWS patients. The characteristics of 318 BWS patients with proven molecular defect were compared among the main four molecular subclasses: IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM, n=190), IC1 gain of methylation (IC1-GoM, n=31), chromosome 11p15 paternal uniparental disomy (UPD, n=87), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C gene (CDKN1C) variants (n=10). A characteristic growth pattern was found in each group; neonatal macrosomia was almost constant in IC1-GoM, postnatal overgrowth in IC2-LoM, and hemihyperplasia more common in UPD (P<0.001). Exomphalos was more common in IC2/CDKN1C patients (P<0.001). Renal defects were typical of UPD/IC1 patients, uretheral malformations of IC1-GoM cases (P<0.001). Ear anomalies and nevus flammeus were associated with IC2/CDKN1C genotype (P<0.001). Macroglossia was less common among UPD patients (P<0.001). Wilms' tumor was associated with IC1-GoM or UPD and never observed in IC2-LoM patients (P<0.001). Hepatoblastoma occurred only in UPD cases. Cancer risk was lower in IC2/CDKN1C, intermediate in UPD, and very high in IC1 cases (P=0.009). In conclusion, (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations define four different phenotypic BWS profiles with some degree of clinical overlap. These observations impact clinical care allowing to move toward (epi) genotype-based follow-up and cancer screening.
| S-EPMC4717210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and Isolated Hemihypertrophy (IHH) are at an increased risk for developing tumors. Tumor screening in this population is currently being reassessed by several groups and the effect on patients and patient-families has been argued both as a reason to screen and not to screen. Parental perspectives on this topic have never been systematically addressed for the BWS population. Here, we conducted a parent-based survey to evaluate knowledge and attitudes toward tumor screening in patients affected by BWS/IHH. A total of 261 surveys were completed. Overall, parents reported that screening decreased their worry and did not feel that screening increased worry or created a burden. This effect was observed across various demographic variables and other factors examined. Almost all significant differences observed could be attributed to parental knowledge of tumor risk. Parents who correctly identified their child's tumor risk were more likely to agree with stratified screening recommendations according to BWS type and risk, and were less likely to feel worried if recommendations were changed. These results highlight the need to educate families about their child's genetic type and tumor risk in order to facilitate an informed decision about tumor screening.
| S-EPMC5986606 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), which causes prenatal overgrowth, midline abdominal wall defects, macroglossia, and embryonal tumors, is a model for understanding the relationship between genomic imprinting, human development, and cancer. The causes are heterogeneous, involving multiple genes on 11p15 and including infrequent mutation of p57(KIP2) or loss of imprinting of either of two imprinted gene domains on 11p15: LIT1, which is near p57(KIP2), or H19/IGF2. Unlike Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, no chromosomal deletions have yet been identified. Here we report a microdeletion including the entire LIT1 gene, providing genetic confirmation of the importance of this gene region in BWS. When inherited maternally, the deletion causes BWS with silencing of p57(KIP2), indicating deletion of an element important for the regulation of p57(KIP2) expression. When inherited paternally, there is no phenotype, suggesting that the LIT1 RNA itself is not necessary for normal development in humans.
| S-EPMC1182113 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the animal kingdom, genomic imprinting appears to be restricted to mammals. It remains an open question how structural features for imprinting evolved in mammalian genomes. The clustering of genes around imprinting control centers (ICs) is regarded as a hallmark for the coordinated imprinted regulation. Hence imprinted clusters might be structurally distinct between mammals and nonimprinted vertebrates. To address this question we compared the organization of the Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) gene cluster in mammals, chicken, Fugu (pufferfish), and zebrafish. Our analysis shows that gene synteny is apparently well conserved between mammals and birds, and is detectable but less pronounced in fish. Hence, clustering apparently evolved during vertebrate radiation and involved two major duplication events that took place before the separation of the fish and mammalian lineages. A cross-species analysis of imprinting center regions showed that some structural features can already be recognized in nonimprinted amniotes in one of the imprinting centers (IC2). In contrast, the imprinting center IC1 is absent in chicken. This suggests a progressive and stepwise evolution of imprinting control elements. In line with that, imprinting centers in mammals apparently exhibit a high degree of structural and sequence variation despite conserved epigenetic marking.
| S-EPMC540281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBeckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is characterised by overgrowth and tumour predisposition. While multiple epigenetic and genetic mechanisms cause BWS, the majority are caused by methylation defects in imprinting control regions on chromosome 11p15.5. Disease-causing methylation defects are often mosaic within affected individuals. Phenotypic variability among individuals with chromosome 11p15.5 defects and tissue mosaicism led to the definition of the Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp). Molecular diagnosis of BWSp requires use of multiple sensitive diagnostic techniques to reliably detect low-level aberrations.MethodsMultimodal BWS diagnostic testing was performed on samples from 1057 individuals. Testing included use of a sensitive qRT-PCR-based quantitation method enabling identification of low-level mosaic disease, identification of CNVs within 11p15.5 via array comparative genomic hybridisation or qRT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing of CDKN1C.ResultsA molecular diagnosis was confirmed for 27.4% of individuals tested, of whom 43.4% had mosaic disease. The presence of a single cardinal feature was associated with a molecular diagnosis of BWSp in 20% of cases. Additionally, significant differences in the prevalence of mosaic disease among BWS molecular subtypes were identified. Finally, the diagnostic yield obtained by testing solid tissue samples from individuals with negative blood testing results shows improved molecular diagnosis.ConclusionThis study highlights the prevalence of mosaic disease among individuals with BWSp and the increases in diagnostic yield obtained via testing both blood and solid tissue samples from affected individuals. Additionally, the results establish the presence of a molecular diagnosis in individuals with very subtle features of BWSp.
| S-EPMC7959163 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease of exocrine gland function that involves multiple systems but chiefly results in chronic respiratory infections, the major cause of death, pancreatic enzyme deficiency and severe malnutrition, mostly in untreated patients. The association between CF and other inherited diseases or congenital anomalies is rare. We describe for the first time the association of CF and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). BWS is a genetic disorder commonly characterized by overgrowth. The most common features of BWS include macrosomia, macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, an increased risk for childhood tumors, kidney abnormalities, hypoglycemia in the newborn period and unusual ear creases or pits.
| S-EPMC4285066 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1182036 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epigenetics has achieved a profound impact in the biomedical field, providing new experimental opportunities and innovative therapeutic strategies to face a plethora of diseases. In the rare diseases scenario, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a pediatric pathological condition characterized by a complex molecular basis, showing alterations in the expression of different growth-regulating genes. The molecular origin of BWS is associated with impairments in the genomic imprinting of two domains at the 11p15.5 chromosomal region. The first domain contains three different regions: insulin growth like factor gene (IGF2), H19, and abnormally methylated DMR1 region. The second domain consists of cell proliferation and regulating-genes such as CDKN1C gene encoding for cyclin kinase inhibitor its role is to block cell proliferation. Although most cases are sporadic, about 5-10% of BWS patients have inheritance characteristics. In the 11p15.5 region, some of the patients have maternal chromosomal rearrangements while others have Uniparental Paternal Disomy UPD(11)pat. Defects in DNA methylation cause alteration of genes and the genomic structure equilibrium leading uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is a typical tumorigenesis event. Indeed, in BWS patients an increased childhood tumor predisposition is observed. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on BWS and focus on the impact of epigenetic alterations to an increased cancer risk development and to metabolic disorders. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between assisted reproductive technologies and this rare disease. We also discuss intriguing aspects of BWS in twinning. Epigenetic therapies in clinical trials have already demonstrated effectiveness in oncological and non-oncological diseases. In this review, we propose a potential "epigenetic-based" approaches may unveil new therapeutic options for BWS patients. Although the complexity of the syndrome is high, patients can be able to lead a normal life but tumor predispositions might impair life expectancy. In this sense epigenetic therapies should have a supporting role in order to guarantee a good prognosis.
| S-EPMC7522569 | biostudies-literature