Dynamics of regional distribution of ischemic lesions in middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion relates to collateral circulation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cheng B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3049469 | biostudies-other | 2011 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundMultimodal CT, including CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP), was increasingly used in stroke triage. This study was to determine the relationship between a new integrated parameter-both collateral circulation and relative permeability surface (PS)-and the hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive AIS patients with MCAO who underwent baseline CTA/CTP within 4 h of symptom onset and follow-up susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) within 3 weeks. Collateral circulation was assessed on the baseline CTA. Baseline CTP data were postprocessed to generate PS parameter. The patients with poor collateral circulation and at the same time with high relative PS were classified as the group of both poor collateral circulation and high relative PS. HT was defined according to European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II criteria on follow-up SWI imaging. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using HT as an outcome variable.ResultsThe group of patients with both poor collateral circulation and high relative PS was thirteen and thirty-three (52%) developed HT of the final cohort sixty-three AIS patients with MCAO. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed the new integrated parameter-both collateral circulation and relative PS (odds ratio, 16.59; 95% confidence interval, 13.09-19.10; P < 0.001) was independent predictor of HT. The area under the curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.89). The sensitivity was 57%, specificity 97% and positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 58%.ConclusionsFor AIS patients with MCAO, these with poor collateral circulation on CTA and at the same time with high relative PS on CTP were at high risk for HT.
| S-EPMC8424095 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that interferon (IFN) signaling is enhanced in patients with poor collateral circulation (CC). However, the role and mechanisms of IFN-alpha in the development of CC remain unknown.MethodsWe studied the serum levels of IFN-alpha and coronary CC in a case-control study using logistics regression, including 114 coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with good coronary CC and 94 CTO patients with poor coronary CC. Restricted cubic splines was used to flexibly model the association of the levels of IFN-alpha with the incidence of good CC perfusion restoration after systemic treatment with IFN-alpha was assessed in a mice hind-limb ischemia model.ResultsCompared with the first IFN-alpha tertile, the risk of poor CC was higher in the third IFN-alpha tertile (OR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.22-10.4, p < .001). A cubic spline-smoothing curve showed that the risk of poor CC increased with increasing levels of serum IFN-alpha. IFN-alpha inhibited the development of CC in a hindlimb ischemia model. Arterioles of CC in the IFN-alpha group were smaller in diameter than in the control group.ConclusionPatients with CTO and with poor CC have higher serum levels of IFN-alpha than CTO patients with good CC. IFN-alpha might impair the development of CC after artery occlusion.
| S-EPMC8571556 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of collateral circulation on the outcomes of thrombectomy versus medical management alone in basilar artery occlusion (BAO) patients with varying stroke severities.MethodsData from the ATTENTION cohort were used to perform a post-hoc analysis comparing the outcomes of thrombectomy with medical management in BAO patients with varying degrees of collateral circulation and stroke severity. Basilar Artery on Computed Tomography Angiography (BATMAN) scores were used to quantify the collateral circulation, and the effect was estimated through a primary outcome of 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, mRS ≤2). Favorable versus unfavorable BATMAN scores were analyzed as both continuous and categorical variables, and an adjusted multivariate regression model was applied.ResultsAmong 221 BAO patients, thrombectomy significantly improved functional independence compared to medical management in patients with favorable BATMAN scores (aOR 7.75, 95% CI 2.78-26.1), but not in those with unfavorable BATMAN scores (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 0.28-6.92; pinteraction = 0.028). When treated as a continuous variable, increased BATMAN score was found to be associated with a higher likelihood of functional independence in the thrombectomy group (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.44-2.81; pinteraction = 0.053). In severe stroke patients with higher BATMAN scores (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥21), we identified a significant interaction for treatment effect with thrombectomy compared to medical management (pinteraction = 0.042).ConclusionAn increased BATMAN score was significantly associated with a higher probability of functional independence after thrombectomy than after medical management, particularly in patients with severe BAO.
| S-EPMC11295163 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Cerebral edema is frequent in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who undergo reperfusion therapy and is associated with high mortality. The impact of collateral pial circulation (CPC) status on the development of edema has not yet been determined. Methods We studied consecutive patients with AIS and documented M1-middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or distal internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion who underwent reperfusion treatment. Edema was graded on the 24-hour non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan. CPC was evaluated at the acute phase (?6 hours) by transcranial color-coded Doppler, angiography and/or CT angiography. We performed an ordinal regression model for the effect of CPC on cerebral edema, adjusting for age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) on admission, NCCT, parenchymal hemorrhagic transformation at 24 hours and complete recanalization at six hours. Results Among the 108 patients included, 49.1% were male and mean age was 74.2?±?11.6 years. Multivariable analysis showed a significant association between cerebral edema and CPC status (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.59, p?=?0.003), initial ASPECTS (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.92, p?=?0.007) and parenchymal hemorrhagic transformation (OR 23.67, 95% CI 4.56-122.8, p?<?0.001). Conclusions Poor CPC is independently associated with greater cerebral edema 24 hours after AIS in patients who undergo reperfusion treatment.
| S-EPMC6136138 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTwo concurrent instances of acute large vessel occlusion identified in two circulation systems is rare and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The complex vascular anatomy and chronic lesions involving extracranial or intracranial vessels may make classical anterograde approaches through parent vessels quite challenging. Besides, the effective treatment is required complicated and risky endovascular techniques. The cross-circulation approach, which consists of primary catheterization of the target artery from the contralateral side or the opposite cerebral circulation system, provides an alternative endovascular route when anterograde intervention is not feasible. This approach helps to save time, enhance the efficiency, and improve the clinical prognosis of the patient. However, cross-circulation approaches are also associated with potential risks, such as long procedure times (puncture to recanalization), hemorrhagic complications, and thromboembolic events in unaffected arterial territories. We report the rare clinical case resolved by applying a posterior-to-anterior mechanical thrombectomy technique with intermediate catheter assistance.Case descriptionA 67-year-old woman presented with basilar artery and right middle cerebral artery occlusion and underwent simultaneous mechanical thrombectomy of both occluded intracranial arteries. Antegrade access to the right middle cerebral artery thrombus was prevented by the discovery of a chronic occlusion in the right carotid artery. Cross-circulation thrombectomy via the right posterior communicating artery was performed successfully.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that cross-circulation stroke treatment may be beneficial in cases with chronic occlusion or complex vascular anatomies.
| S-EPMC10364005 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A 74-year-old man presented with recent inferior wall myocardial infarction. The right ventricle (RV) was strikingly dilated and akinetic along the free wall compatible with right ventricular infarction. Accordingly, severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was detected. Coronary angiogram revealed total occlusion on the proximal right coronary artery (RCA). There was collateral blood flow from the left anterior descending (LAD) artery to the right ventricular ischemic region. The LAD artery also had a significant stenosis which might limit the required amount of blood supply to collateral blood vessels. Because of the technical difficulty in the intervention of RCA, the patient underwent percutaneous intervention on the LAD artery. After the revascularization of LAD artery, severe TR was abolished accompanied by the right ventricular functional recovery. <Learning objective: Isolated ischemic tricuspid regurgitation was rarely manifested because the right ventricle has a more favorable oxygen supply-demand ratio than the left ventricle and receives extensive collateral flow from the left-to-right collateral system. In our case, the right ventricle was receiving blood flow through collateral circulation from septal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery due to the total occlusion of proximal right coronary artery. This case displays the remarkable role of collateral circulation in restoring right ventricular function and in treating ischemic tricuspid regurgitation.>.
| S-EPMC6278685 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC5592227 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke is one of the most commonly used models to study focal cerebral ischemia. This procedure also results in the simultaneous occlusion of the ophthalmic artery that supplies the retina. Retinal cell death is seen days after reperfusion and leads to functional deficits; however, the mechanism responsible for this injury has not been investigated. Given that the eye may have a unique ocular immune response to an ischemic challenge, this study examined the inflammatory response to retinal ischemia in the MCAO model.MethodsYoung male C57B/6 mice were subjected to 90-min transient MCAO and were euthanized at several time points up to 7 days. Transcription of inflammatory cytokines was measured with quantitative real-time PCR, and immune cell activation (e.g., phagocytosis) and migration were assessed with ophthalmoscopy and flow cytometry.ResultsObservation of the affected eye revealed symptoms consistent with Horner's syndrome. Light ophthalmoscopy confirmed the reduced blood flow of the retinal arteries during occlusion. CX3CR1-GFP reporter mice were then employed to evaluate the extent of the ocular microglia and monocyte activation. A significant increase in green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive macrophages was seen throughout the ischemic area compared to the sham and contralateral control eyes. RT-PCR revealed enhanced expression of the monocyte chemotactic molecule CCL2 early after reperfusion followed by a delayed increase in the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Further analysis of peripheral leukocyte recruitment by flow cytometry determined that monocytes and neutrophils were the predominant immune cells to infiltrate at 72 h. A transient reduction in retinal microglia numbers was also observed, demonstrating the ischemic sensitivity of these cells. Blood-eye barrier permeability to small and large tracer molecules was increased by 72 h. Retinal microglia exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity following MCAO; however, infiltrating myeloid cells were significantly more efficient at phagocytizing material at all time points. Immune homeostasis in the affected eye was largely restored by 7 days.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that there is a robust inflammatory response in the eye following MCAO, which may contribute to a worsening of retinal injury and visual impairment. These results mirror what has been observed in the brain after MCAO, suggesting a conserved inflammatory signaling response to ischemia in the central nervous system. Imaging of the eye may therefore serve as a useful non-invasive prognostic indicator of brain injury after MCAO. Future studies are needed to determine whether this inflammatory response is a potential target for therapeutic manipulation in retinal ischemia.
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Project description:The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is considered to be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention of cerebral ischemia. Ischemia is a most common cause of death after heart attack and cancer causing major negative social and economic consequences. - This study was designed to investigate the effect of PACAP38 injection intracerebroventrically in a mouse model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) along with corresponding sham control that used 0.9% saline injection. Ischemic and non-ischemic brain tissues were sampled at 6 and 24 hours post-treatment. - Following behavioral analyses to confirm whether the ischemia has occurred, we investigated the genome-wide changes in gene and protein expresison using DNA microarray chip (4x44K, Agilent) and one-/two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-/2-DGE) coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), respectively. - Our results revealed numerous changes in the transcriptome of ischemic (ipsilateral) hemisphere treated with PACAP38 over the saline-injected SHAM control hemisphere. In parallel, 2-DGE analysis revealed a highly expressed protein spot in the ischemic region that was identified as dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYL2). The DPYL2, also known as Crmp2, is a marker for the activated neuronal defense mechanisms, and interestingly, PACAP strongly suppresed this induction. - This study provides the first inventory of PACAP influenced gene and protein targets in ischemic hemisphere, and provides new targets for thereaupetic interventions. The PMCAO model mice were generated as described previously. Briefly, the mice were anesthetized with 4% sevoflurane (induction) and 2% sevoflurane (maintenance) in a 30% O2 and 70% N2O gas mixture via a face mask. An incision was then made in the cervical skin followed by opening of the salivary gland, and the right common carotid artery was visualized. A midline cervical incision was made to expose the external carotid artery. The intraluminal filament technique was used, to generate the PMCAO model. - The PACAP38 (1 M-BM-5l containing 1 pmol) or 1 M-BM-5l of saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected intracerebroventrically, immediately after PMCAO. PACAP38 (Peptide Institute Inc., Osaka, Japan; supplier temperature was -20M-BM-:C and was stored at -80M-BM-:C) was dissolved in, and diluted M-CM-^W10 times with 0.9% NaCl just before use. - In the sham control animals, following exposure of the external carotid artery, the wound was sutured. The PACAP38 or saline was injected intracerebroventrically in the same concentrations as above. After injections, the animals were returned to their cages. - A total of eight groups were prepared: four groups of three, seven, four and five mice in the PMCAO plus PACAP38 and PMCAO plus saline cohorts at 6 and 24 h after operation, respectively, and five mice each in the control (sham) plus PACAP and saline groups at 6 and 24 h after operation, respectively. - We used three mice each in PMCAO groups that exhibited neurological grades G1 and G2 and three mice each at random in sham groups for the subsequent downstream analysis. Six or 24 hours post-injection of PACAP38 or saline, the mice were removed from their cages, decapitated, and their brains carefully removed on ice. The left (contralateral) and right (ipsilateral; ischemic) hemispheres were dissected and placed in 2 mL Eppendorf tubes, which were then quickly immersed in liquid nitrogen before being stored in -80M-BM-:C prior to further analysis. - For analysis of gene components, the tissues were ground to a very fine powder with liquid nitrogen, used for total RNA extraction, quantity and quality check, followed by cDNA synthesis, and RT-PCR. A mouse 4 x 44K whole genome oligo DNA microarray chip (G4122F, Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was used for global gene expression analysis using the ipsilateral (ischemic) hemisphere. Briefly, total RNA (900 ng; 300 ng each replicate pooled together) was labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5 dye using an Agilent Low RNA Input Fluorescent Linear Amplification Kit (Agilent). Fluorescently labeled targets of control (sham) as well as treated (PMCAO) samples with PACAP38 or without PACAP38 (saline) were hybridized to the same microarray slide with 60-mer probes. - Here, we compared the PMCAO plus PACAP38 injected mice to PMCAO plus saline, i.e. the ipsilateral brain region of the PMCAO mice was compared with the same right hemisphere of the control mice. Similarly, Sham control plus PACAP38 injected mice to Sham control plus saline were analyzed to identify only the PACAP38 influenced genes. A flip labeling (dye-swap or reverse labeling with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes) procedure was followed to nullify the dye bias associated with unequal incorporation of the two Cy dyes into cDNA.
2012-04-30 | E-GEOD-37565 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description: Not available
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