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Multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering using spatial frequency domain imaging and a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer.

ABSTRACT: We present an approach for rapidly and quantitatively mapping tissue absorption and scattering spectra in a wide-field, noncontact imaging geometry by combining multifrequency spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS). SFDI overcomes the need to spatially scan a source, and is based on the projection and analysis of periodic structured illumination patterns. CTIS provides a throughput advantage by simultaneously diffracting multiple spectral images onto a single CCD chip to gather spectra at every pixel of the image, thus providing spatial and spectral information in a single snapshot. The spatial-spectral data set was acquired 30 times faster than with our wavelength-scanning liquid crystal tunable filter camera, even though it is not yet optimized for speed. Here we demonstrate that the combined SFDI-CTIS is capable of rapid, multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering in a noncontact, nonscanning platform. The combined system was validated for 36 wavelengths between 650-1000 nm in tissue simulating phantoms over a range of tissue-like absorption and scattering properties. The average percent error for the range of absorption coefficients (μa) was less than 10% from 650-800 nm, and less than 20% from 800-1000 nm. The average percent error in reduced scattering coefficients (μs') was less than 5% from 650-700 nm and less than 3% from 700-1000 nm. The SFDI-CTIS platform was applied to a mouse model of brain injury in order to demonstrate the utility of this approach in characterizing spatially and spectrally varying tissue optical properties.

SUBMITTER: Weber JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3055588 | biostudies-other | 2011 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), a noncontact wide-field imaging technique using patterned illumination with multiple wavelengths, has been used to quantitatively measure structural and functional parameters of in vivo tissue. Using SFDI in a porcine model, we previously found that scattering changes in skin could potentially be used to noninvasively assess burn severity and monitor wound healing. Translating these findings to human subjects necessitates a better understanding of the variation in "baseline" human skin scattering properties across skin types and anatomical locations. Using SFDI, we aim to characterize the variation in the reduced scattering coefficient (μs') for skin across a range of pigmentation and anatomic sites (including common burn locations) for normal human subjects. These measurements are expected to characterize baseline human skin properties to inform our use of SFDI for clinical burn severity and wound healing assessments. SFDI was used to measure μs' in the visible- and near-infrared regime (471 to 851 nm) in 15 subjects at 10 anatomical locations. Subjects varied in age, gender, and Fitzpatrick skin type. For all anatomical locations, the coefficient of variation in measured μs' decreased with increasing wavelength. High intersubject variation in μs' at visible wavelengths coincided with large values of the melanin extinction coefficient at those wavelengths. At 851 nm, where intersubject variation in μs' was smallest for all anatomical locations and absorption from melanin is minimal, significant intrasubject differences in μs' were observed at the different anatomical locations. Our study is the first report of wide-field mapping of human skin scattering properties across multiple skin types and anatomical locations using SFDI. Measured μs' values varied notably between skin types at wavelengths where absorption from melanin was prominent. Additionally, μs' varied considerably across different anatomical locations at 851 nm, where the confounding effects from melanin absorption are minimized.

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Multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering using spatial frequency domain imaging and a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer.

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