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A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21.

ABSTRACT: A detailed and comprehensive understanding of seed reserve accumulation is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. This work is part of a research programme aimed at using Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant for cereal grain development and filling. The focus was on the Bd21-3 accession, gathering morphological, cytological, and biochemical data, including protein, lipid, sugars, starch, and cell-wall analyses during grain development. This study highlighted the existence of three main developmental phases in Brachypodium caryopsis and provided an extensive description of Brachypodium grain development. In the first phase, namely morphogenesis, the embryo developed rapidly reaching its final morphology about 18 d after fertilization (DAF). Over the same period the endosperm enlarged, finally to occupy 80% of the grain volume. During the maturation phase, carbohydrates were continuously stored, mainly in the endosperm, switching from sucrose to starch accumulation. Large quantities of ?-glucans accumulated in the endosperm with local variations in the deposition pattern. Interestingly, new ?-glucans were found in Brachypodium compared with other cereals. Proteins (i.e. globulins and prolamins) were found in large quantities from 15 DAF onwards. These proteins were stored in two different sub-cellular structures which are also found in rice, but are unusual for the Pooideae. During the late stage of development, the grain desiccated while the dry matter remained fairly constant. Brachypodium exhibits some significant differences with domesticated cereals. Beta-glucan accumulates during grain development and this cell wall polysaccharide is the main storage carbohydrate at the expense of starch.

SUBMITTER: Guillon F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3254678 | biostudies-other | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21.

Guillon F F Larré C C Petipas F F Berger A A Moussawi J J Rogniaux H H Santoni A A Saulnier L L Jamme F F Miquel M M Lepiniec L L Dubreucq B B

Journal of experimental botany 20111020 2

A detailed and comprehensive understanding of seed reserve accumulation is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. This work is part of a research programme aimed at using Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant for cereal grain development and filling. The focus was on the Bd21-3 accession, gathering morphological, cytological, and biochemical data, including protein, lipid, sugars, starch, and cell-wall analyses during grain development. This study highlighted the ...[more]

PMID: 22016425

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Project description:Transcriptomic analyses are particularly powerful in research when they are based on detailed underlying knowledge of developmental processes, morphological/anatomical features and biochemical/metabolic processes. Our work is based on our detailed knowledge of grain development and provides an invaluable resource for both Brachypodium grain development specifically and for comparative analyses to other species, including cereal crops. Grain development includes several transition points in addition to being preceded and succeeded by the fundamental developmental switches of fertilization and germination. Such complex process requires a larger sets of genes expressed in a highly-controlled manner. We have selected eight stages of developmental in Brachypodium distachyon encompassing these transitions and conducted comprehensive transcriptomic analyses to generate a valuable resource of the developmental transitions and the distinctive biological processes that are activated and/or repressed during grain development and germination. Comparison of the data generated in this project to other grasses, including the important crop species, and beyond will also shed light on the conservation and/or diversification in gene expression and function in an evolutionary context. Brachypodium distachyon grains (Bd-21 accession) were germinated on moist filter paper after stratification at 4°C for 48h. Five-day old seedlings were transferred to 9cm square pots with a 2:2:1 multipurpose compost: vermiculite: sand mix and grown under controlled environment conditions with a 18h photoperiod at 20°-22°C and light intensity of 180-200 umol/m/s. Tissue samples were collected from eight distinct developmental stages; pre-anthesis ovaries, young grains (1-3 DAA), middle length grains (3-8 DAA), full length grains (8-15 DAA), mature grains (15-20 DAA), mature grains without embryo, germinating grains and seedlings at 3-4 days after germination (Fig.1). Tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after collection and were kept at -80°C until further analyses. Total RNA was isolated from frozen tissue samples using the Spectrum Plant Total RNA Kit (Sigma-Aldrich) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Three biological replicates were used for each stage of development. The RNA samples were treated with DNase I (New England Biolabs) in order to eliminate DNA contamination and their concentration was determined using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Dataset Information

A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21.

Publications

A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21.

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