Cetuximab-based therapy in elderly comorbid patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jehn CF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3261677 | biostudies-other | 2012 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Many chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), including 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin in combination with irinotecan (FOLFIRI) or oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), are administered on an every-other-week (q2w) dosing schedule. Chemotherapy in combination with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed toward the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as an effective treatment option. There are currently 2 anti-EGFR mAbs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration: cetuximab and panitumumab. Mutations of KRAS, a downstream protein in the EGFR pathway, predict resistance to EGFR mAbs. Thus, cetuximab and panitumumab are indicated for patients without a KRAS mutation (KRAS wild-type). Whereas panitumumab is approved on a q2w dosing schedule, cetuximab is approved as a weekly dose. However, only cetuximab is approved with FOLFIRI for frontline metastatic CRC, whereas panitumumab is approved for third-line. Because concomitant therapies are often administered q2w, the weekly dosing of cetuximab results in additional medical office visits.Several studies have assessed the safety and efficacy of cetuximab q2w. For this review, a comprehensive literature search of studies evaluating cetuximab q2w dosing was conducted. Safety and efficacy results of these trials and retrospective analyses were summarized and reviewed.In general, results with cetuximab q2w were comparable to those obtained with the weekly regimen.These data suggest that for patients for whom weekly treatment with cetuximab presents a substantial burden to their quality of life, q2w dosing of cetuximab is a viable treatment option with a benefit:risk profile similar to that of the weekly regimen.
| S-EPMC3674463 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundCetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, is used in combination with chemotherapy in clinic to enhance the outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with only ~ 20% response rate. To date only activating mutations in KRAS and NRAS have been identified as poor prognosis biomarkers in cetuximab-based treatment, which makes an urgent need for identification of novel prognosis biomarkers to precisely predict patients' response in order to maximize the benefit.MethodsIn this study, we analysed the mutation profiles of 33 Chinese mCRC patients using comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 416 cancer-relevant genes before cetuximab treatment. Upon receiving cetuximab-based therapy, patients were evaluated for drug response, and the progression-free survival (PFS) was monitored. The association of specific genetic alterations and cetuximab efficacy was analyzed.ResultsPatients carrying SMAD4 mutations (SMAD4mut, n = 8) or NF1 mutations (NF1mut, n = 4) had significantly shorter PFS comparing to those carrying wildtype SMAD4 (SMAD4wt, n = 25) (P = 0.0081) or wildtype NF1 (NF1wt, n = 29) (P = 0.0028), respectively. None of the SMAD4mut or NF1mut patients showed response to cetuximab when assessed at 12-week post-treatment. Interestingly, two patients carrying both SMAD4mut and NF1mut showed the shortest PFS among all the patients.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that SMAD4 and NF1 mutations can serve as potential biomarkers for poor prognosis to cetuximab-based therapy in Chinese mCRC patients.
| S-EPMC5921972 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The TLR7 and TLR9 signalings are implicated in the regulation of the immune system through type-I interferon induction. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of TLR7 and TLR9 agonists in combination with cetuximab. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in TLR7 and TLR9 and their downstream molecules IRF5 and IRF7 were associated with outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients receiving cetuximab-based chemotherapy. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR7, TLR9, IRF5 and IRF7 were tested for the association with RR, PFS, and OS in KRAS-wild type mCRC patients. Patients treated with FOLFIRI?+?cetuximab or FOLFIRI?+?bevacizumab in the FIRE-3 trial served as a discovery set (FIRE3-Cet, n?=?244) or a control set (FIRE3-Bev, n?=?246), respectively. Patients treated with FOLFOX or SOX?+?cetuximab in the JACCRO-CC05/06 trial served as a validation set (JACCRO, n?=?76). Genomic DNA isolated from tumor tissue samples was analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing. In the discovery cohort, patients with the TLR7 rs3853839 G/G variant showed a trend toward longer PFS than those with any C variants (median 10.0 vs. 11.8 months, HR 1.39, p?=?0.092). This preliminary association was confirmed in the validation cohort, and those with the G/G genotype showed a PFS benefit compared with others (univariate: 9.1 vs. 11.6 months, HR 2.04, p?=?0.005, multivariate: HR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.14-3.55, p?=?0.015). This association was not observed in the control cohort. Our findings suggest that TLR7 rs3853839 predicts the outcome of cetuximab-based chemotherapy in mCRC patients.
| S-EPMC5528002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimCetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but it may also be effective in a subgroup of KRAS mutant patients by its immunomodulatory activity. Here, we explore if KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) genotyping can provide a significant added value in the clinical outcome of patients with KRAS mutant mCRC based on cetuximab treatment.MethodsWe included 69 patients with histologically confirmed mCRC and KRAS mutation, positive EGFR expression, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2. Based on KIR gene content, haplotype (A or B) was defined and genotypes (AA or Bx) were grouped for each patient.ResultsWe demonstrated with new evidence the immunomodulatory activity of cetuximab in patients with KRAS mutant mCRC. Patients with homozygous genotypes (AA or BB) showed shorter 12-month progression-free survival (PFS12) and poorer overall survival (OS) than those with heterozygotes (AB). Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed stratification of patients based on genotype was an independent marker of PFS12 (HR 2.16) and the centromeric and telomeric distribution of KIRs was an independent predictor of both PFS12 (HR 2.26) and OS (HR 1.93) in patients with mCRC with KRAS mutation treated with cetuximab.ConclusionsSelection of patients with mCRC based on their KIR genotypes opens a therapeutic opportunity for patients with KRAS mutation, and it should be tested in clinical trials in comparison with other alternatives with scarce benefit.Trial registration numberNCT01450319, EudraCT 2010-023580-18.
| S-EPMC8039212 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn the management of patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies have demonstrated a clinical benefit, with longer survival. However, the correlation between the emergence of circulating RAS mutations and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies requires further elucidation. In this study, we aim to examine evolutionary changes in RAS mutations through liquid biopsy in patients with mCRC during and after anti-EGFR therapy.MethodsA total of 120 patients diagnosed with RAS wild-type mCRC will be enrolled in this study. Patients will receive a cetuximab-based infusional 5-fluorouracil regimen as first-line treatment. Cetuximab-based treatment is expected to continue until disease progression, intolerable toxic effects, or withdrawal of consent. Blood samples from enrolled patients will be collected before and then every 3 months during cetuximab-based treatment and also at disease progression. These blood samples will be evaluated for RAS resistance mutations by using the MassARRAY platform. The primary endpoint is the percentage of RAS mutations detected in circulating DNA from patients during cetuximab treatment. The correlation between the tumor response and survival outcomes of these patients and the emergence of circulating RAS mutations will be further analyzed.DiscussionLiquid biopsy is a powerful technology that can represent tumor heterogeneity in a relatively noninvasive manner. Because RAS mutations play a major role in resistance to anti-EGFR therapy for mCRC, examining evolutionary changes in these mutations during such treatment through liquid biopsy would be useful. After comprehensively analyzing the emergence of circulating RAS mutations and its clinical relevance in this study, our results should provide practical guidance on anti-EGFR therapy for mCRC.Trial registrationThe date of trial registration ( NCT03401957 ) in this study was January 17, 2018.
| S-EPMC6599252 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Mutations in KRAS are considered to be the main drivers of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the potential role of other genes downstream of the EGFR signaling pathway in conferring acquired resistance has not been extensively investigated.Experimental Design: Using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with mCRC and with acquired cetuximab resistance, we developed a targeted amplicon ultra-deep sequencing method to screen for low-abundance somatic mutations in a panel of genes that encode components of the EGFR signaling pathway. Mutations with significantly increased variant frequencies upon disease progression were selected by using quartile analysis. The functional consequences of the identified mutations were validated in cultured cells.Results: We analyzed 32 patients with acquired cetuximab resistance in a development cohort. Of them, seven (22%) carried five novel PIK3CA mutations, whereas eight (25%) carried previously reported KRAS mutations. Functional studies showed that novel PIK3CA mutations (all in exon 19; p.K944N, p.F930S, p.V955G, p.V955I, and p.K966E) promote cell viability in the presence of cetuximab. Only one novel PIK3CA mutation (p.K944N) was verified in one of the 27 patients with acquired resistance in a validation cohort, simultaneous KRAS and PIK3CA hotspot mutations were detected in two patients. Among the above 59 acquired resistance patients, those with PIK3CA or RAS mutations detected in ctDNA showed a pronounced decrease in progression-free survival than patients with no mutation.Conclusions: The PIK3CA mutations may potentially contribute to acquired cetuximab resistance in patients with mCRC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4602-16. ©2017 AACR.
| S-EPMC5559326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Approximately 45% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with wild-type KRAS exon 2 are resistant to cetuximab treatment. We set out to identify additional genetic markers that might predict the response to cetuximab treatment. Fifty-three wild-type KRAS exon 2 mCRC patients were treated with cetuximab/irinotecan-based chemotherapy as a first- or third-line therapy. The mutational statuses of 10 EGFR pathway genes were analyzed in primary tumors using next-generation sequencing. BRAF, PIK3CA, KRAS (exons 3 and 4), NRAS, PTEN, and AKT1 mutations were detected in 6, 6, 5, 4, 1, and 1 patient, respectively. Four of the BRAF mutations were non-V600 variants. Four tumors harbored multiple co-existing (complex) mutations. All patients with BRAF mutations or complex mutation patterns were cetuximab non-responders. All patients but one harboring KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF mutations were non-responders. Mutations in any one of these three genes were associated with a poor response rate (7.1%) and reduced survival (PFS = 8.0 months) compared to wild-type patients (74.4% and 11.6 months). Our data suggest that KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations predict response to cetuximab treatment in mCRC patients.
| S-EPMC5008360 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRechallenge with EGFR inhibitors represents a promising strategy for patients with RAS wild type (WT) colorectal cancer (CRC) but definitive selection criteria are lacking. Recently, the RAS WT status on circulating tumor DNA (ct-DNA) emerged as a potential watershed for this strategy. Our study explored the liquid biopsy-driven cetuximab rechallenge in a RAS and BRAF WT selected population.MethodsCRC patients with RAS and BRAF WT both on tumor tissue and on ct-DNA at baseline receiving rechallenge with cetuximab were eligible for our analysis. Ct-DNA was analyzed for RAS-BRAF mutations with pyro-sequencing and nucleotide sequencing assays. Real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR were performed to confirm the RAS-BRAF mutational status.ResultsA total of 26 patients were included in our analysis. In the global population, RR was 25.0%, median overall survival (mOS) was 5.0 months, and median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 3.5 months. Previous response to anti-EGFR was associated with improved mPFS (5.0 vs. 2.0 months, HR: 0.26, p = 0.048); anti-EGFR free interval > 14 months and anti-EGFR free interval > 16 months were associated with improved mPFS (respectively 7.0 vs. 3.0 months, HR: 0.27, p = 0.013 and not reached vs. 3.0 months, HR: 0.20, p = 0.002) and with improved mOS (respectively 13.0 vs. 5.0 months, HR: 0.27, p = 0.013 and 13.0 vs. 5.0 months, HR: 0.20, p = 0.002). Previous lines >2 were correlated with improved mPFS (4.0 vs. 1.0 month, HR: 0.05, p = 0.041) and with improved mOS (7.0 vs. 1.0 month, HR: 0.045, p = 0.034). In a multiple logistic regression model, only the anti-EGFR free interval was confirmed to be a significant predictor for mOS and mPFS.ConclusionsLiquid biopsy-driven cetuximab rechallenge was confirmed to be effective. The clinical outcome was consistent with available results from phase II studies. In addition to the molecular selection through the analysis of ct-DNA for RAS, the long anti-EGFR free interval is confirmed as a prospective selection criterion for this therapeutic option.
| S-EPMC9068964 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the cetuximab after progression in KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients (CAPRI) trial patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) received 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and cetuximab in first line followed by 5-Fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) with or without cetuximab until progression. Limited data are available on the efficacy and safety of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) agents on elderly patients with mCRC. In the current study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in age-defined subgroups.A post-hoc analysis was performed in CAPRI trial patients; outcomes (progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), safety) were analysed by age-groups and stratified according to molecular characterisation. 3 age cut-offs were used to define the elderly population (?65; ?70 and ?75?years).340 patients with mCRC were treated in first line with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab. Among those, 154 patients were >65?years, 86 >70?years and 35 >75?years. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 182 patients. Among them, 87 patients were >65?years, 46 >70 and 17 >75. 104 of 182 patients were wild type (WT) for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA genes. In the quadruple WT group, 51 patients were ?65?years; 29 were ?70; 9 were ?75. Median PFS was similar within the age-subgroups in the intention-to-treat population, NGS cohort and quadruple WT patients, respectively. Likewise, ORR was not significantly different among age-subgroups in the 3 populations. Safety profile was acceptable and similarly reported among all age-groups, with the exception of grade ?3 diarrhoea (55% vs 25%, p=0.04) and neutropaenia (75% vs 37%, p=0.03) in patients ?75?years and grade ?3 fatigue (31% vs 20%, p=0.01) in patients <75?years.Tolerability of cetuximab plus FOLFIRI was acceptable in elderly patients. Similar ORR and PFS were observed according to age-groups. No differences in adverse events were reported among the defined subgroups with the exception of higher incidence of grade ?3 diarrhoea and neutropaenia in patients ?75?years and grade ?3 fatigue in patients <75?years.2009-014041-81.
| S-EPMC5548975 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo examine the predictive value of gene polymorphisms potentially linked to toxicity, clinical response, time to progression and overall survival, following cetuximab-tegafur-uracil (UFT)-irinotecan therapy.MethodsFifty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer were enrolled in an ancillary pharmacogenetic study of the phase II CETUFTIRI trial. Treatment consisted of 21 day cycles of cetuximab (day 1-day 8-day 15, 250 mg m(-2) week(-1) following a 400 mg m(-2) initial dose) together with irinotecan (day 1, 250 mg m(-2)) and UFT-folinic acid (days 1-14, 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) UFT, 90 mg day(-1) folinic acid). Analysed gene polymorphisms (blood DNA) were as follows: EGFR (CA repeats in intron 1, -216G>T, -191C>A), EGF (61A>G), FCGR2A (131Arg>His), FCGR3A (158Phe>Val), UDP-glycosyltransferase1-polypeptide A1 (TA repeats), TYMS (28 bp repeats, including the G>C mutation on the 3R allele, 6 bp deletion in 3' UTR) and MTHFR (677C>T, 1298A>C).ResultsMaximum toxicity grade was linked to EGFR-191C>A polymorphism, with 71.1% grade 3-4 toxicity in CC patients vs. 28.6% in other patients (P= 0.010). A tendency to a better response was observed in patients bearing the TYMS 3RG allele (P= 0.029) and those bearing the FCGR3A 158Val genotype (P= 0.020). The greater the score of favourable TYMS and FCGR3A genotypes, the better the response rate (P= 0.009) and the longer the overall survival (P= 0.007). In multivariate analysis, the score of favourable genotypes was a stronger survival predictor than the performance status.ConclusionsPresent data suggest the importance of FCGR3A 158Phe>Val and TYMS 5' UTR polymorphisms in responsiveness and survival of patients receiving cetuximab-fluoropyrimidine-based therapy.
| S-EPMC3403205 | biostudies-literature