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The structure of a gene containing introns and encoding rat ribosomal protein P2.

ABSTRACT: The single rat ribosomal protein P2 gene containing introns has been characterized. It has 2275 nucleotides distributed in 5 exons and 4 introns. The sequence of amino acids encoded in the exons corresponds exactly to that derived before from a cDNA. Only this one P2 gene in a family of approximately 9 members has introns and is expressed. There are two transcriptional start sites (adjacent cytidine residues) located in a tract of 10 pyrimidines flanked by GC-rich regions. The P2 gene, like other mammalian ribosomal protein genes, lacks a TATA box; however, it has at positions -30 to -27 the sequence TTTA which may be a degenerate TATA box and may serve the same function. The architecture of the P2 gene, and especially the structure of the promoter region, resembles that of other mammalian ribosomal protein genes. This suggests that the common features contribute to the coordinate regulation of their transcription and that the stoichiometry of P2 (it is present in 2 copies in the ribosome) is achieved by regulation of the translation of its mRNA.

SUBMITTER: Chan YL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC328786 | biostudies-other | 1991 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The structure of a gene containing introns and encoding rat ribosomal protein P2.

Chan Y L YL Wool I G IG

Nucleic acids research 19910901 18

The single rat ribosomal protein P2 gene containing introns has been characterized. It has 2275 nucleotides distributed in 5 exons and 4 introns. The sequence of amino acids encoded in the exons corresponds exactly to that derived before from a cDNA. Only this one P2 gene in a family of approximately 9 members has introns and is expressed. There are two transcriptional start sites (adjacent cytidine residues) located in a tract of 10 pyrimidines flanked by GC-rich regions. The P2 gene, like othe ...[more]

PMID: 1923757

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Project description:The larval stage of Taenia multiceps, also known as coenurus, is the causative agent of coenurosis, which results in severe health problems in sheep, goats, cattle and other animals that negatively impact on animal husbandry. There is no reliable method to identify coenurus infected goats in the early period of infection.We identified a full-length cDNA that encodes acidic ribosomal protein P2 from the transcriptome of T. multiceps (TmP2). Following cloning, sequencing and structural analyses were performed using bioinformatics tools. Recombinant TmP2 (rTmP2) was prokaryotically expressed and then used to test immunoreactivity and immunogenicity in immunoblotting assays. The native proteins in adult stage and coenurus were located via immunofluorescence assays, while the potential of rTmP2 for indirect ELISA-based serodiagnostics was assessed using native goat sera. In addition, 20 goats were randomly divided into a drug treatment group and a control group. Each goat was orally given mature, viable T. multiceps eggs. The drug treatment group was given 10% praziquantel by intramuscular injection 45 days post-infection (p.i), and all goats were screened for anti-TmP2 antibodies with the indirect ELISA method established here, once a week for 17 weeks p.i.The open reading frame (366 bp) of the target gene encodes a 12.62 kDa protein, which showed high homology to that from Taenia solium (93% identity) and lacked a signal peptide. Immunofluorescence staining showed that TmP2 was highly localized to the parenchymatous zone of both the adult parasite and the coenurus; besides, it was widely distributed in cystic wall of coenurus. Building on good immunogenic properties, rTmP2-based ELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 95.0% (19/20) and a specificity of 96.3% (26/27) in detecting anti-P2 antibodies in the sera of naturally infected goats and sheep. In goats experimentally infected with T. multiceps, anti-TmP2 antibody was detectable in the control group from 3 to 10 weeks and 15 to 17 weeks p.i. In the drug-treated group, the anti-TmP2 antibody dropped below the cut-off value about 2 weeks after treatment with praziquantel and remained below this critical value until the end of the experiment.The indirect ELISA method developed in this study has the potential for detection of T. multiceps infections in hosts.

Project description:BackgroundPlant cytosolic ribosomal proteins are encoded by small gene families. Mutants affecting these genes are often viable, but show growth and developmental defects, suggesting incomplete functional redundancy within the families. Dormancy to growth transitions, such as the activation of axillary buds in the shoot, are characterised by co-ordinated upregulation of ribosomal protein genes.ResultsA recessive mutation in RPS10B, one of three Arabidopsis genes encoding the eukaryote-specific cytoplasmic ribosomal protein S10e, was found to suppress the excessive shoot branching mutant max2-1. rps10b-1 mildly affects the formation and separation of shoot lateral organs, including the shoot axillary meristems. Axillary meristem defects are enhanced when rps10b-1 is combined with mutations in REVOLUTA, AUXIN-RESISTANT1, PINOID or another suppressor of max2-1, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3. In some of these double mutants, the maintenance of the primary shoot meristem is also affected. In contrast, mutation of ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAMME1 suppresses the rps10b-1axillary shoot defect. Defects in both axillary shoot formation and organ separation were enhanced by combining rps10b-1 with cuc3, a mutation affecting one of three Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor genes with partially redundant roles in these processes. To assess the effect of rps10b-1 on bud activation independently from bud formation, axillary bud outgrowth on excised cauline nodes was analysed. The outgrowth rate of untreated buds was reduced only slightly by rps10b-1 in both wild-type and max2-1 backgrounds. However, rps10b-1 strongly suppressed the auxin resistant outgrowth of max2-1 buds. A developmental phenotype of rps10b-1, reduced stamen number, was complemented by the cDNA of another family member, RPS10C, under the RPS10B promoter.ConclusionsRPS10B promotes shoot branching mainly by promoting axillary shoot development. It contributes to organ boundary formation and leaf polarity, and sustains max2-1 bud outgrowth in the presence of auxin. These processes require the auxin response machinery and precise spatial distribution of auxin. The correct dosage of protein(s) involved in auxin-mediated patterning may be RPS10B-dependent. Inability of other RPS10 gene family members to maintain fully S10e levels might cause the rps10b-1 phenotype, as we found no evidence for unique functional specialisation of either RPS10B promoter or RPS10B protein.

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Dataset Information

The structure of a gene containing introns and encoding rat ribosomal protein P2.

Publications

The structure of a gene containing introns and encoding rat ribosomal protein P2.

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