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Surrogates of Large Artery versus Small Artery Stiffness and Ankle-Brachial Index.

ABSTRACT: Peripheral artery tonometry (PAT) is a novel method for assessing arterial stiffness of small digital arteries. Pulse pressure can be regarded as a surrogate of large artery stiffness. When ankle-brachial index (ABI) is calculated using the higher of the two ankle systolic pressures as denominator (ABI-higher), leg perfusion can be reliably estimated. However, using the lower of the ankle pressures to calculate ABI (ABI-lower) identifies more patients with isolated peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in ankle arteries. We aimed to compare the ability of PAT, pulse pressure, and different calculations of ABI to detect atherosclerotic disease in lower extremities. We examined PAT, pulse pressure, and ABI in 66 cardiovascular risk subjects in whom borderline PAD (ABI 0.91 to 1.00) was diagnosed 4 years earlier. Using ABI-lower to diagnose PAD yielded 2-fold higher prevalence of PAD than using ABI-higher. Endothelial dysfunction was diagnosed in 15/66 subjects (23%). In a bivariate correlation analysis, pulse pressure was negatively correlated with ABI-higher (r = -0.347, p = 0.004) and with ABI-lower (r = -0.424, p < 0.001). PAT hyperemic response was not significantly correlated with either ABI-higher (r = -0.148, p = 0.24) or with ABI-lower (r = -0.208, p = 0.095). Measurement of ABI using the lower of the two ankle pressures is an efficient method to identify patients with clinical or subclinical atherosclerosis and worth performing on subjects with pulse pressure above 65 mm Hg. The usefulness of PAT measurement in detecting PAD is vague.

SUBMITTER: Korhonen P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3331653 | biostudies-other | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Background Lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) values within the 0.90 to 1.40 range are associated with poorer mitochondrial oxidative capacity of thigh muscles in cross-sectional analyses. Whether ABI decline is associated with greater declines in thigh muscle oxidative capacity with aging is unknown. Method and Results We analyzed data from 228 participants (100 men) of the BLSA (Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging), aged 39 to 97 years, with an ABI between 0.9 and 1.40 at baseline and at follow-up (mean follow-up period of 2.8 years). We examined mitochondrial oxidative capacity of the left thigh muscle, by measuring the postexercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant (kPCr) from phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Greater kPCr indicated higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Although kPCr was available on the left leg only, ABI was measured in both legs. Longitudinal rates of change (Change) of left and right ABI and kPCr of the left thigh muscle were estimated using linear mixed effects models, and their association was analyzed by standardized multiple linear regressions. In multivariate analysis including sex, age, baseline kPCr, both left and right baseline ABI, and ABI change in both legs, (kPCr)Change was directly associated with ipsilateral (left) (ABI)Change (standardized [STD]-β=0.14; P=0.0168) but not with contralateral (right) (ABI)Change (P=0.22). Adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, this association remained significant (STD-β=0.18; P=0.0051). (kPCr)Change was steeper in White race participants (STD-β=0.16; P=0.0122) and body mass index (STD-β=0.13; P=0.0479). There was no significant association with current smoking status (P=0.63), fasting glucose (P=0.28), heart rate (P=0.67), mean blood pressure (P=0.78), and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.75), high-density lipoprotein (P=0.82), or triglycerides (P=0.15). Conclusions In people without peripheral arterial disease, greater decline in ABI over time, but not baseline ABI, was associated with faster decline in thigh mitochondrial oxidative capacity in the ipsilateral leg. Further studies are needed to examine whether early interventions that improve lower extremity muscle perfusion can improve and prevent the decline of muscle energetics.

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Surrogates of Large Artery versus Small Artery Stiffness and Ankle-Brachial Index.

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