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Characterization of a third major SINE family of repetitive sequences in the galago genome.

ABSTRACT: In addition to the Alu family of short interspersed repetitive DNA elements (SINEs), we have previously characterized one other repetitive DNA family (Type II) in the prosimian, Galago crassicaudatus. We present here a detailed analysis of seventeen members of a third galago SINE family designated as the Monomer family. Both the Monomer and Type II families are shown to be specific for the galago genome as compared to other primates, including another prosimian, the lemur. Moreover, in vitro transcription of galago SINEs suggests that the Monomer and Type II families have appreciably stronger RNA polymerase III promoters than does the Alu family. This agrees with the promoter sequence for each of these SINE families, in that the Monomer and Type II family promoters are more closely related to the RNA polymerase III promoter consensus sequence than is the Alu family promoter. These promoter strength analyses also correlate with copy number and sequence divergence analyses, which suggests that the SINE families with the strongest promoters have been amplified most recently in the galago genome.

SUBMITTER: Daniels GR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC333928 | biostudies-other | 1991 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Characterization of a third major SINE family of repetitive sequences in the galago genome.

Daniels G R GR Deininger P L PL

Nucleic acids research 19910401 7

In addition to the Alu family of short interspersed repetitive DNA elements (SINEs), we have previously characterized one other repetitive DNA family (Type II) in the prosimian, Galago crassicaudatus. We present here a detailed analysis of seventeen members of a third galago SINE family designated as the Monomer family. Both the Monomer and Type II families are shown to be specific for the galago genome as compared to other primates, including another prosimian, the lemur. Moreover, in vitro tra ...[more]

PMID: 1840654

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Genome survey sequences (GSS) offer a preliminary global view of a genome since, unlike ESTs, they cover coding as well as non-coding DNA and include repetitive regions of the genome. A more precise estimation of the nature, quantity and variability of repetitive sequences very early in a genome sequencing project is of considerable importance, as such data strongly influence the estimation of genome coverage, library quality and progress in scaffold construction. Also, the elimination of repetitive sequences from the initial assembly process is important to avoid errors and unnecessary complexity. Repetitive sequences are also of interest in a variety of other studies, for instance as molecular markers. RESULTS: We designed and implemented a straightforward pipeline called ReRep, which combines bioinformatics tools for identifying repetitive structures in a GSS dataset. In a case study, we first applied the pipeline to a set of 970 GSSs, sequenced in our laboratory from the human pathogen Leishmania braziliensis, the causative agent of leishmaniosis, an important public health problem in Brazil. We also verified the applicability of ReRep to new sequencing technologies using a set of 454-reads of an Escheria coli. The behaviour of several parameters in the algorithm is evaluated and suggestions are made for tuning of the analysis. CONCLUSION: The ReRep approach for identification of repetitive elements in GSS datasets proved to be straightforward and efficient. Several potential repetitive sequences were found in a L. braziliensis GSS dataset generated in our laboratory, and further validated by the analysis of a more complete genomic dataset from the EMBL and Sanger Centre databases. ReRep also identified most of the E. coli K12 repeats prior to assembly in an example dataset obtained by automated sequencing using 454 technology. The parameters controlling the algorithm behaved consistently and may be tuned to the properties of the dataset, in particular to the length of sequencing reads and the genome coverage. ReRep is freely available for academic use at http://bioinfo.pdtis.fiocruz.br/ReRep/.

Dataset Information

Characterization of a third major SINE family of repetitive sequences in the galago genome.

Publications

Characterization of a third major SINE family of repetitive sequences in the galago genome.

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