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Prevalence of anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common in diabetic patients; however, in recent years the frequency of these symptoms has markedly increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the frequency and factors associated with depression and anxiety, since they can be responsible for premature morbidity, mortality, risk of developing comorbidities, complications, suffering of patients, as well as escalation of costs. We studied the frequency of depression and anxiety in Mexican outpatients with type 2 diabetes and identified the risk factors for depression and anxiety. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a study in 820 patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. We calculated the proportions for depression and anxiety and, after adjusting for confounding variables, we performed multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regressions to evaluate the combined effect of the various factors associated with anxiety and depression among persons with type 2 diabetes. The rates for depression and anxiety were 48.27% (95% CI: 44.48-52.06) and 55.10% (95% CI: 51.44-58.93), respectively. Occupation and complications in diabetes were the factors associated with anxiety, whereas glucose level and complications in diabetes were associated with depression. Complications in diabetes was a factor common to depression and anxiety (p<0.0001; OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.29-2.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that a large proportion of diabetic patients present depression and/or anxiety. We also identified a significant association between complications in diabetes with depression and anxiety. Interventions are necessary to hinder the appearance of complications in diabetes and in consequence prevent depression and anxiety.

SUBMITTER: Tovilla-Zarate C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3356343 | biostudies-other | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM) has been increasing globally, particularly among older adults who are more susceptible to DM-related complications. Elderly individuals with diabetes are at higher risk of developing hypoglycemia compared with younger diabetes patients. Hypoglycemia in elderly patients can result in serious consequences such as cognitive changes, increased risk of falls, heart and other vascular problems, and even high mortality rate.ObjectiveTo assess prevalence, and factors associated with hypoglycemia events among geriatric outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe study was conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) at the outpatient diabetes clinic from October 1st, 2022 to August 1st, 2023. Variables such as socio-demographics, medication history, and comorbidities were obtained using electronic medical records. The prevalence of hypoglycemia was determined through patient interviews during their clinic visit. Patients were prospectively monitored for hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and mortality using electronic medical records over a three-month follow-up period. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia and hospital admissions/ emergency visits. Ethical Approval (Reference # 53/151/2022) was obtained on 19/9/2022.ResultsElectronic medical charts of 640 patients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus and age ≥ 60 years were evaluated. The mean age ± SD was 67.19 (± 5.69) years. Hypoglycemia incidents with different severity levels were prevalent in 21.7% (n = 139) of the patients. Insulin administration was significantly associated with more hypoglycemic events compared to other antidiabetic medication. Patients with liver diseases had a significantly higher risk of hypoglycemia, with odds 7.43 times higher than patients without liver diseases. Patients with dyslipidemia also had a higher risk of hypoglycemia (odd ratio = 1.87). Regression analysis revealed that hypoglycemia and educational level were significant predictors for hospital admission and emergency department (ER) visits. Hypoglycemia was a positive predictor, meaning it increased the odds of these outcomes, while having a college degree or higher was associated with reduced odds of hospital admission and ER visits.ConclusionCurrent study identified a considerable prevalence of hypoglycemia among older patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly, among those with concurrent liver diseases and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, hypoglycemia was associated with an increased rate of emergency department visits and hospital admissions by 2 folds in this population.

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Prevalence of anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population.

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