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Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem.

ABSTRACT: The Arctic marine ecosystem contains multiple elements that present alternative states. The most obvious of which is an Arctic Ocean largely covered by an ice sheet in summer versus one largely devoid of such cover. Ecosystems under pressure typically shift between such alternative states in an abrupt, rather than smooth manner, with the level of forcing required for shifting this status termed threshold or tipping point. Loss of Arctic ice due to anthropogenic climate change is accelerating, with the extent of Arctic sea ice displaying increased variance at present, a leading indicator of the proximity of a possible tipping point. Reduced ice extent is expected, in turn, to trigger a number of additional tipping elements, physical, chemical, and biological, in motion, with potentially large impacts on the Arctic marine ecosystem.

SUBMITTER: Duarte CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3357823 | biostudies-other | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem.

Duarte Carlos M CM Agustí Susana S Wassmann Paul P Arrieta Jesús M JM Alcaraz Miquel M Coello Alexandra A Marbà Núria N Hendriks Iris E IE Holding Johnna J García-Zarandona Iñigo I Kritzberg Emma E Vaqué Dolors D

Ambio 20120201 1

The Arctic marine ecosystem contains multiple elements that present alternative states. The most obvious of which is an Arctic Ocean largely covered by an ice sheet in summer versus one largely devoid of such cover. Ecosystems under pressure typically shift between such alternative states in an abrupt, rather than smooth manner, with the level of forcing required for shifting this status termed threshold or tipping point. Loss of Arctic ice due to anthropogenic climate change is accelerating, wi ...[more]

PMID: 22270704

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