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Diverging fates of cells of origin in acute and chronic leukaemia.

ABSTRACT: The large difference in phenotypes among tumour populations may stem from the stochastic origin of tumours from distinct cells - tumour cells are assumed to retain the phenotypes of the cells from which they derive. Yet, functional studies addressing the cellular origin of leukaemia are lacking. Here we show that the cells of origin of both, BCR/ABL-induced chronic myeloid (CML) and B-cell acute lymphoid leukaemia (B-ALL), resemble long-term haematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). During disease-maintenance, CML LT-HSCs persist to function as cancer stem cells (CSCs) that maintain leukaemia and require signalling by the transcription factor STAT5. In contrast, B-ALL LT-HSCs differentiate into CSCs that correspond to pro-B cells. This transition step requires a transient IL-7 signal and is lost in IL-7R?-deficient cells. Thus, in BCR/ABLp185(+) B-ALL and BCR/ABLp210(+) CML, the final phenotype of the tumour as well as the abundance of CSCs is dictated by diverging differentiation fates of their common cells of origin.

SUBMITTER: Kovacic B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3376859 | biostudies-other | 2012 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Diverging fates of cells of origin in acute and chronic leukaemia.

Kovacic Boris B Hoelbl Andrea A Litos Gabriele G Alacakaptan Memetcan M Schuster Christian C Fischhuber Katrin M KM Kerenyi Marc A MA Stengl Gabriele G Moriggl Richard R Sexl Veronika V Beug Hartmut H

EMBO molecular medicine 20120209 4

The large difference in phenotypes among tumour populations may stem from the stochastic origin of tumours from distinct cells - tumour cells are assumed to retain the phenotypes of the cells from which they derive. Yet, functional studies addressing the cellular origin of leukaemia are lacking. Here we show that the cells of origin of both, BCR/ABL-induced chronic myeloid (CML) and B-cell acute lymphoid leukaemia (B-ALL), resemble long-term haematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). During disease-ma ...[more]

PMID: 22323443

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Project description:Therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML) and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) are well-recognized complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. There are several features that distinguish t-AML from de novo AML, including a higher incidence of TP53 mutations, abnormalities of chromosomes 5 or 7, complex cytogenetics and a reduced response to chemotherapy. However, it is not clear how prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy influences leukaemogenesis. In particular, the mechanism by which TP53 mutations are selectively enriched in t-AML/t-MDS is unknown. Here, by sequencing the genomes of 22 patients with t-AML, we show that the total number of somatic single-nucleotide variants and the percentage of chemotherapy-related transversions are similar in t-AML and de novo AML, indicating that previous chemotherapy does not induce genome-wide DNA damage. We identified four cases of t-AML/t-MDS in which the exact TP53 mutation found at diagnosis was also present at low frequencies (0.003-0.7%) in mobilized blood leukocytes or bone marrow 3-6 years before the development of t-AML/t-MDS, including two cases in which the relevant TP53 mutation was detected before any chemotherapy. Moreover, functional TP53 mutations were identified in small populations of peripheral blood cells of healthy chemotherapy-naive elderly individuals. Finally, in mouse bone marrow chimaeras containing both wild-type and Tp53(+/-) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), the Tp53(+/-) HSPCs preferentially expanded after exposure to chemotherapy. These data suggest that cytotoxic therapy does not directly induce TP53 mutations. Rather, they support a model in which rare HSPCs carrying age-related TP53 mutations are resistant to chemotherapy and expand preferentially after treatment. The early acquisition of TP53 mutations in the founding HSPC clone probably contributes to the frequent cytogenetic abnormalities and poor responses to chemotherapy that are typical of patients with t-AML/t-MDS.

Dataset Information

Diverging fates of cells of origin in acute and chronic leukaemia.

Publications

Diverging fates of cells of origin in acute and chronic leukaemia.

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