Prevalence and associations of steep cornea/keratoconus in Greater Beijing. The Beijing Eye Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Xu L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3391201 | biostudies-other | 2012
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:PurposeSystemic inflammation is potentially associated with ocular diseases such as late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Using the serum concentration of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as surrogate of systemic inflammation, we examined potential associations between the serum hs-CRP concentration and the presence and degree of eye diseases.MethodsThe population-based Beijing Eye Study included 3468 Chinese individuals. The study participants underwent a standardized interview and a detailed ophthalmic examination. The serum concentration of hs-CRP was determined.ResultsOut of 3468 participants, 2452 (70.7%) individuals (mean age:63.4±9.4 year; range:50-91 years) had hs-CRP measurements (mean:1.96±4.07mg/L). In multivariate analysis, higher serum concentration of hs-CRP was significantly (regression coefficient r: 0.21) associated with a higher level of diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.007; standardized regression coefficient beta:0.06; non-standardized regression coefficient B:1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.37,2.22) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (P = 0.002;beta:0.06;B:6.22;95%CI:2.24,10.2) after adjusting for higher serum concentration of high-density lipoproteins (P<0.001;beta:-0.12;B:-1.31;95%CI:-1.77,-0.85), higher body mass index (P = 0.01;beta:0.06;B:0.06;95%CI:0.01, 0.11), lower level of education (P = 0.04;beta:-0.06;B:-0.22;95%CI:-0.42,-0.02), lower cognitive function score (P = 0.01;beta:-0.07;B:-0.08;95%CI:-0.13,-0.02). If the presences of other ocular diseases were added to the model, the presence of glaucoma (P = 0.99), open-angle glaucoma (P = 0.80), angle-closure glaucoma (P = 0.67), pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.18), nuclear cataract (P = 0.30), cortical cataract (P = 0.15), subcapsular cataract (P = 0.59), retinal vein occlusions (P = 0.33), central serous choroidopathy (P = 0.44), early stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (P = 0.46), intermediate stage of AMD (P = 0.20) and late stage of AMD (P = 0.91) including geographic atrophy (P = 0.60) or neovascular AMD (P = 0.68) were not significantly associated with the serum concentration of hs-CRP.ConclusionsIn Chinese aged 50+ years, higher serum concentration of hs-CRP was significantly associated with a higher level of diabetic retinopathy and higher frequency of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Other major ocular disorders, namely glaucoma including open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, nuclear, cortical or subcapsular cataract, retinal vein occlusions, central serous choroidopathy, early, intermediate or late stage of AMD including geographic atrophy, were not significantly associated with hs-CRP serum concentrations. It suggests that these diseases, in contrast to diabetic retinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, were not associated with a major systemic inflammatory component.
| S-EPMC6169913 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess the prevalence of depression in the general population of Beijing and its association with ocular diseases.The population-based Beijing Eye Study was conducted in a rural and an urban region of Greater Beijing. The study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination and an interview including questions on the socioeconomic background. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using a Chinese depression scale adapted from Zung´s self-rated depression scale. The total score of depression symptoms was 80. Depression was defined as having a depression score >44.Out of 3468 study participants, 3267 (94.2%) individuals (1419 men) with an age of 64.5±9.7 years (range: 50-93 years) participated in the interview and answered all questions on depression. The mean depression score was 25.0±5.9 (median: 23.3; range:20-64). Depression (depression score >44) was present in 66 individuals (2.0%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 2.5), and 5 individuals (0.2%; 95%CI: 0.02,0.3) had a depression score ?59. In multivariate regression, analysis, a higher depression score was associated (regression coefficient r2: 0.22) with a higher number of days with dry eye feeling (P<0.001; standardized regression coefficient beta: 0.09; non-standardized regression coefficient B: 0.20; 95%CI: 0.12,0.29) and shorter corneal curvature radius (P = 0.03;beta:-0.04; B:1.01; 95%CI: -1.90,-0.12), after adjusting for age, gender, region of habitation, body mass index, cognitive function score, life quality score and blood concentration of triglycerides. Adding age-related macular degeneration (P = 0.10), glaucoma (P = 0.77), diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.77), nuclear cataract (P = 0.35), cortical cataract (P = 0.58) or posterior subcapsular cataract (P = 0.28) as single parameters to the model revealed no significant correlation with the depression score. Lower best corrected visual acuity showed a marginal significant association (P = 0.05; beta: 0.04; B: 1.56; 95%CI: -0.01, 3.13).Dry eye feeling was the only common ocular disorder associated with an increased depression score, while the occurrence of age-related macular degeneration, any type of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, any type of cataract and keratoconus were not significantly associated with an increased depression score. Lower visual acuity was marginally associated. The prevalence of depression in the population aged 50+ years in Greater Beijing was 2.0% (96%CI: 1.5, 2.5).
| S-EPMC6086446 | biostudies-other
Project description:The molecular etiology of keratoconus (KC), a pathological condition of the human cornea, remains unclear. The aim of this work was to perform profiling of metabolites and identification of features discriminating this pathology from the normal cornea. The combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques has been applied for profiling and identification of metabolites in corneal buttons from 6 healthy controls and 7 KC patients. An untargeted GC/MS-based approach allowed the detection of 377 compounds, including 46 identified unique metabolites, whose levels enabled the separation of compared groups of samples in unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. There were 13 identified metabolites whose levels differentiated between groups of samples. Downregulation of several carboxylic acids, fatty acids, and steroids was observed in KC when compared to the normal cornea. Metabolic pathways associated with compounds that discriminated both groups were involved in energy production, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. An observed signature may reflect cellular processes involved in the development of KC pathology, including oxidative stress and inflammation.
| S-EPMC7356237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of cerebral stroke in the general population of Beijing and its association with systemic risk factors and ocular diseases.SettingThe population-based Beijing Eye Study was conducted in a rural and urban region of Beijing.ParticipantsWith eligibility criteria of age 50+ years and living in the study regions, 3468 subjects (78.8%) out of 4403 eligible individuals participated.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study participants underwent a detailed systemic and ophthalmological examination and an interview in which the occurrence of a previous stroke was assessed.ResultsA previous stroke was reported by 235 individuals (7.33%; 95% CI 6.43% to 8.24%). The prevalence of previous stroke increased from 2.0% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.1%) in the age group of 50 to <55 years to 21.9% (95% CI 16.4% to 27.4%) in the age group of 80+ years. In multivariable regression analysis, a higher prevalence of previous stroke was correlated (Nagelkerke R2=0.20) with the systemic parameters of older age (p<0.001; OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.08), male gender (p<0.001; OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.74), lower quality of life score (p<0.001; OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.55), higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (p<0.001; OR 2.86; 95% CI 2.05 to 3.98), and cardiovascular disease (p<0.001; OR 1.8554; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.56), and with the ocular parameter of higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (p<0.001; OR 4.41; 95% CI 2.38 to 8.18) or alternatively, with higher stage of diabetic retinopathy (p<0.001; OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.14).ConclusionsIn this North Chinese population aged 50+ years, the prevalence of a previous stroke was 7.33% (95% CI 6.43% to 8.24%). After adjusting for systemic risk factors of older age, male gender and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, a higher prevalence of a previous stroke was significantly correlated with a higher prevalence and stage of diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of a previous stroke increased for each step of an increase in the stage of diabetic retinopathy with an OR of 1.64 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.14), and it increased by the presence of diabetic retinopathy with an OR of 4.41 (95% CI 2.38 to 8.18).
| S-EPMC7485244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determine associations between dyslipidemia and ocular diseases, the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2006 examined 3251 subjects (age≥45 years) who underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination and biochemical blood analysis. Dyslipidemia was defined as any of the following: hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol concentration≥5.72 mmol/L (220 mg/dL)) or hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride concentration≥1.70 mmol/L (150 mg/dL)) or low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C concentration≤0.91 mmol/L (35 mg/dL)). Biochemical blood examinations were available for 2945 (90.6%) subjects. After adjustment for age, gender, habitation region, body mass index, self reported income, blood glucose concentration, diastolic blood pressure and smoking, dyslipidemia was significantly associated with higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001) and beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (P = 0.03). Dyslipidemia was not significantly associated with the prevalence of glaucoma (P = 0.99), retinal vein occlusions (P = 0.92), diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.49),presence of retinal vascular abnormalities such as focal or general arteriolar narrowing, age-related macular degeneration(P = 0.27), nuclear cataract (P = 0.14), cortical cataract (P = 0.93), and subcapsular cataract (P = 0.67). The results make one conclude that, controlled for systemic and socioeconomic parameters, dyslipidemia was not associated with common ophthalmic disorders including glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.
| S-EPMC3419255 | biostudies-other
Project description:PurposeTo investigate environmental factors associated with corneal morphologic changes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, which enrolled adults of the Han ethnicity aged 18 to 44 years from 20 cities. The cornea-related morphology was measured using an ocular anterior segment analysis system. The geographic indexes of each city and meteorological indexes of daily city-level data from the past 40 years (1980-2019) were obtained. Correlation analyses at the city level and multilevel model analyses at the eye level were performed.ResultsIn total, 114,067 eyes were used for analysis. In the correlation analyses at the city level, the corneal thickness was positively correlated with the mean values of precipitation (highest r [correlation coefficient]: >0.700), temperature, and relative humidity (RH), as well as the amount of annual variation in precipitation (r: 0.548 to 0.721), and negatively correlated with the mean daily difference in the temperature (DIF T), duration of sunshine, and variance in RH (r: -0.694 to 0.495). In contrast, the anterior chamber (AC) volume was negatively correlated with the mean values of precipitation, temperature, RH, and the amount of annual variation in precipitation (r: -0.672 to -0.448), and positively associated with the mean DIF T (r = 0.570) and variance in temperature (r = 0.507). In total 19,988 eyes were analyzed at the eye level. After adjusting for age, precipitation was the major explanatory factor among the environmental factors for the variability in corneal thickness and AC volume.ConclusionsIndividuals who were raised in warm and wet environments had thicker corneas and smaller AC volumes than those from cold and dry ambient environments. Our findings demonstrate the role of local environmental factors in corneal-related morphology.
| S-EPMC7910644 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: To assess longitudinal changes in parapapillary atrophy in the adult population of Greater Beijing. METHODS: The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2006 included 3251 subjects who had participated in the Beijing Eye Study 2001 and returned for re-examination. The mean age was 60.4 ± 10.1 years. Using optic disc photographs, we measured parapapillary atrophy which was divided into alpha zone and beta zone. RESULTS: Overall progression rate of alpha zone was seen in 0.6 ± 0.1% (95% confidence interval (CI):0.3,0.9) of the subjects and of beta zone in 8.2 ± 0.5% (95%CI:7.2,9.1) of the subjects. In binary regression analysis, rate of progression of alpha zone was significantly associated higher age (P = 0.04) and the co-progression of zone Beta (P<0.001). Rate of progression of beta zone was significantly associated with higher age (P<0.001; odds ratio (OR):1.11;95%CI:1.10,1.14), higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001;OR:1.10;95%CI:1.05,1.14), higher myopic refractive error (P<0.001;OR:0.71; 95%CI:0.67,0.75), rural region of habitation (P = 0.002;OR: 0.58; 95%CI:0.41,0.82), presence of glaucomatous optic nerve damage (P<0.001;OR:2.89; 95%CI:1.62,5.14), co-progression of alpha zone (P<0.001;OR:7.13;95%CI:2.43,20.9), absence of arterial hypertension (P = 0.03;OR: 0.70; 95%CI:0.51,0.96), and thicker central corneal thickness (P = 0.02;OR:1.01;95%CI:1.00,1.01). Subjects with a non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage (n = 22) as compared to the remaining subjects did not vary in the progression rate of alpha zone (0.0% versus 0.6 ± 0.1%; P = 1.0) and beta zone (8.2 ± 0.5% versus 6.3 ± 0.6%;P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: In adult Chinese in Greater Beijing, the 5-year progression rate of beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (seen in 8.2 ± 0.5% of subjects) was significantly correlated with higher age, rural region of habitation, absence of arterial hypertension, higher intraocular pressure, higher myopic refractive error, thicker central corneal thickness, and presence of glaucoma. It was not associated with non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
| S-EPMC3346821 | biostudies-other
Project description:Keratoconus, a common inherited ocular disorder resulting in progressive corneal thinning, is the leading indication for corneal transplantation in the developed world. Genome-wide association studies have identified common SNPs 100 kb upstream of ZNF469 strongly associated with corneal thickness. Homozygous mutations in ZNF469 and PR domain-containing protein 5 (PRDM5) genes result in brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) Types 1 and 2, respectively. BCS is an autosomal recessive generalized connective tissue disorder associated with extreme corneal thinning and a high risk of corneal rupture. Some individuals with heterozygous PRDM5 mutations demonstrate a carrier ocular phenotype, which includes a mildly reduced corneal thickness, keratoconus and blue sclera. We hypothesized that heterozygous variants in PRDM5 and ZNF469 predispose to the development of isolated keratoconus. We found a significant enrichment of potentially pathologic heterozygous alleles in ZNF469 associated with the development of keratoconus (P = 0.00102) resulting in a relative risk of 12.0. This enrichment of rare potentially pathogenic alleles in ZNF469 in 12.5% of keratoconus patients represents a significant mutational load and highlights ZNF469 as the most significant genetic factor responsible for keratoconus identified to date.
| S-EPMC4168824 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess the cumulative 10-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its associated factors in a population living in Greater Beijing.The population-based longitudinal Beijing Eye Study, which included 4439 subjects (age in 2001: 40+years) in 2001, was repeated in 2011 with 2695 subjects participating (66.4% of the survivors). The study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Fundus photographs were examined for the new development of DR.After excluding individuals with DR at baseline (n = 87) or no sufficient fundus photographs in 2011 (n = 6), the study included 2602 subjects with a mean age of 64.6±9.7 years (median: 64.0 years; range: 50 to 93 years). In the 10-year period, 109 subjects (39 men) developed new DR with an incidence of 4.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.45,5.03). In multiple logistic regression analysis, incident DR was significantly associated with higher HbA1c value (P<0.001; Odds Ratio (OR): 1.73; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.35,2.21), longer duration of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001; OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.10,1.22), higher serum concentration of creatinine (P = 0.02; OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.002,1.022), lower educational level (P = 0.049; OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55,0.99), higher estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (P = 0.038; OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01,1.22), and shorter axial length (P<0.001; OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33,0.71).The cumulative 10-year incidence (mean: 4.2%) of DR in a North Chinese population was significantly associated with a higher HbA1c value, longer known duration of diabetes mellitus, higher estimated CSFP and shorter axial length (P<0.001). Shorter axial length (or hyperopia) and, potentially, higher CSFP may be additional risk factors to be taken into account when counseling and treating patients with diabetes mellitus.
| S-EPMC4210166 | biostudies-other
Project description:To investigate a method for precision analysis to discriminate true corneal change from measurement imprecision in keratoconus (KC). Thirty patients with KC and 30 healthy controls were included. Coefficients of repeatability and limits of agreement (LOA) were compared using multiple measurements for inter-observer and inter-device agreement with the Pentacam HR, Orbscan IIz, and Tomey Casia SS-1000. Correlation of repeated measurements was evaluated using a linear mixed effect model (also called random effect model). A formula was derived for the theoretical expected change in precision and compared with measured change. Correlation between measurements from the same eye was small (R = 0.13). The 99.73% LOA (3 SD) of the mean of three measurements, provided better precision than 95% LOA (2 SD) of single cut-off values as expected from statistical theory for uncorrelated measurements for evidence of a significant change in corneal shape in patients with keratoconus. This enabled the determination of cut-off values for the detection of true change in corneal shape. The mean of three repeated measurements will provide better precision when there is minimal correlation. Three (rather than two) standard deviations provides a precise estimate of the LOA within or between observers and can be used as a reliable measure for identifying stage-independent corneal shape changes (progression) in keratoconus.
| S-EPMC6097997 | biostudies-literature