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Genetic analysis of antixenosis resistance to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) and its relationship with pubescence characteristics in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

ABSTRACT: The common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is one of the most serious pests of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Previously, two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for antibiosis resistance to CCW, CCW-1 and CCW-2, were detected in the resistant cultivar Himeshirazu. In this study, we conducted an anti-xenosis bioassay using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between a susceptible cultivar Fukuyutaka and Himeshirazu to perform QTL analysis. Two QTLs for antixenosis resistance, qRslx1 and qRslx2, were identified on Chrs 7 and 12, and the resistant alleles of qRslx1 and qRslx2 were derived from Himeshirazu and Fukuyutaka, respectively. The position of qRslx1 is similar to that of CCW-1. We also analyzed pubescence characteristics because they have been reported to be associated with soybean insect resistance. Two QTLs for pubescence length (on Chrs 7 and 12) and two QTLs for pubescence density (on Chrs 1 and 12) were identified. The pubescence QTLs on Chrs 7 and 12 were located near qRslx1 and qRslx2, respectively. These results suggest that the antixenosis resistance could be controlled genetically by the identified QTLs and that the pubescence characteristics might contribute to the soybean antixenosis resistance to CCW.

SUBMITTER: Oki N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3406796 | biostudies-other | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Genetic analysis of antixenosis resistance to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) and its relationship with pubescence characteristics in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

Oki Nobuhiko N Komatsu Kunihiko K Sayama Takashi T Ishimoto Masao M Takahashi Masakazu M Takahashi Motoki M

Breeding science 20120101 5

The common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is one of the most serious pests of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Previously, two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for antibiosis resistance to CCW, CCW-1 and CCW-2, were detected in the resistant cultivar Himeshirazu. In this study, we conducted an anti-xenosis bioassay using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between a susceptible cultivar Fukuyutaka and Himeshirazu to perform QTL analysis. Two QTLs for antixenosis resis ...[more]

PMID: 23136499

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Project description:BackgroundThe genetic base of soybean cultivars in India has been reported to be extremely narrow, due to repeated use of few selected and elite genotypes as parents in the breeding programmes. This ultimately led to the reduction of genetic variability among existing soybean cultivars and stagnation in crop yield. Thus in order to enhance production and productivity of soybean, broadening of genetic base and exploring untapped valuable genetic diversity has become quite indispensable. This could be successfully accomplished through molecular characterization of soybean genotypes using various DNA based markers. Hence, an attempt was made to study the molecular divergence and relatedness among 29 genotypes of soybean using SSR markers.Methods and resultsA total of 35 SSR primers were deployed to study the genetic divergence among 29 genotypes of soybean. Among them, 14 primer pairs were found to be polymorphic producing a total of 34 polymorphic alleles; and the allele number for each locus ranged from two to four with an average of 2.43 alleles per primer pair. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values of SSRs ranged from 0.064 to 0.689 with an average of 0.331. The dendrogram constructed based on dissimilarity indices clustered the 29 genotypes into two major groups and four sub-groups. Similarly, principal coordinate analysis grouped the genotypes into four major groups that exactly corresponded to the clustering of genotypes among four sub-groups of dendrogram. Besides, the study has reported eight unique and two rare alleles that could be potentially utilized for genetic purity analysis and cultivar identification in soybean.ConclusionIn the present investigation, two major clusters were reported and grouping of large number of genotypes in each cluster indicated high degree of genetic resemblance and narrow genetic base among the genotypes used in the study. With respect to the primers used in the study, the values of PIC and other related parameters revealed that the selected SSR markers are moderately informative and could be potentially utilized for diversity analysis of soybean. The clustering pattern of dendrogram constructed based on SSR loci profile displayed good agreement with the cultivar's pedigree information. High level of genetic similarity observed among the genotypes from the present study necessitates the inclusion of wild relatives, land races and traditional cultivars in future soybean breeding programmes to widen the crop gene pool. Thus, hybridization among diverse gene pool could result in more heterotic combinations ultimately enhancing genetic gain, crop yield and resistance to various stress factors.

Project description:Soybean (Glycine max) seed yields rely on the efficiency of photosynthesis, which is poorly understood in soybean. Chlorophyll, the major light harvesting pigment, is crucial for chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis. Magnesium chelatase catalyzes the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX in the first committed and key regulatory step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. It consists of three types of subunits, ChlI, ChlD, and ChlH. To gain a better knowledge of chlorophyll biosynthesis in soybean, we analyzed soybean Mg-chelatase subunits and their encoding genes. Soybean genome harbors 4 GmChlI genes, 2 GmChlD genes, and 3 GmChlH genes, likely evolved from two rounds of gene duplication events. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that GmChlI, GmChlD, and GmChlH genes predominantly expressed in photosynthetic tissues, but the expression levels among paralogs are different. In silicon promoter analyses revealed these genes harbor different cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, suggesting they could differentially respond to various environmental and developmental signals. Subcellular localization analyses illustrated that GmChlI, GmChlD, and GmChlH isoforms are all localized in chloroplast, consistent with their functions. Yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed each isoform has a potential to be assembled into the Mg-chelatase holocomplex. We expressed each GmChlI, GmChlD, and GmChlH isoform in Arabidopsis corresponding mutants, and results showed that 4 GmChlI and 2 GmChlD isoforms and GmChlH1 could rescue the severe phenotype of Arabidopsis mutants, indicating that they maintain normal biochemical functions in vivo. However, GmChlH2 and GmChlH3 could not completely rescue the chlorotic phenotype of Arabidopsis gun5-2 mutant, suggesting that the functions of these two proteins could be different from GmChlH1. Considering the differences shown on primary sequences, biochemical functions, and gene expression profiles, we conclude that the paralogs of each soybean Mg-chelatase subunit have diverged more or less during evolution. Soybean could have developed a complex regulatory mechanism to control chlorophyll content to adapt to different developmental and environmental situations.

Dataset Information

Genetic analysis of antixenosis resistance to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) and its relationship with pubescence characteristics in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

Publications

Genetic analysis of antixenosis resistance to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) and its relationship with pubescence characteristics in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

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