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Recurrent osteoblastoma of the maxilla.

ABSTRACT: Osteoblastoma is a benign neoplasm which commonly occurs in the vertebral column and long bones. The tumour grows slowly and rarely recurs after surgery. This report presents the clinicopathological and radiological findings of a case of recurrent osteoblastoma in the maxilla. A 7-year-old male patient visited our department with chief complaints of left facial swelling and pain. A panoramic radiograph showed a homogeneous radio-opaque expansile lesion in the left maxilla. The lesion was thought to be fibrous dysplasia and the patient underwent a surgical excision using the Caldwell-Luc procedure. Histopathological examination of the lesion confirmed it as benign osteoblastoma. The lesion recurred 6 months after the initial surgery. CT images revealed a large mass with multiple internal calcifications. Subsequently, the patient underwent mass excision with subtotal left maxillectomy. Follow-up CT scans at 1 year intervals showed no recurrence for 5 years.

SUBMITTER: Shah S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3635770 | biostudies-other | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND:The biting mandible of the arthropods is thought to have evolved in the ancestor of the insects, crustaceans and myriapods: the Mandibulata. A unique origin suggests a common set of developmental genes will be required to pattern the mandible in different arthropods. To date we have functional studies on patterning of the mandibular segment of Drosophila melanogaster showing in particular the effects of the gene cap'n'collar (cnc), however, the dipteran head is far from representative of insects or of more distantly related mandibulates; Drosophila does not even possess a mandibular appendage. To study the development of a more representative insect mandible, we chose the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and investigated the function of the Tribolium orthologs of cap'n'collar (Tc-cnc) and the Hox gene Deformed (Tc-Dfd). In order to determine the function of Tc-cnc and Tc-Dfd, transcripts were knocked down by maternal RNA interference (RNAi). The effects of gene knockdown were examined in the developing embryos and larvae. The effect of Tc-cnc and Tc-Dfd knockdown on the expression of other genes was determined by using in situ hybridization on Tribolium embryos. RESULTS:Our analyses show that Tc-cnc is required for specification of the identity of the mandibular segment of Tribolium and differentiates the mandible from maxillary identity. Loss of Tc-cnc function results in a transformation of the mandible to maxillary identity as well as deletion of the labrum. Tc-Dfd and the Tribolium homolog of proboscipedia (Tc-mxp?=?maxillopedia), Hox genes that are required to pattern the maxillary appendage, are expressed in a maxilla-like manner in the transformed mandible. Tribolium homologs of paired (Tc-prd) and Distal-less (Tc-Dll) that are expressed in the endites and telopodites of embryonic appendages are also expressed in a maxilla-like manner in the transformed mandible.We also show that Tc-Dfd is required to activate the collar of Tc-cnc expression in the mandibular segment but not the cap expression in the labrum. Tc-Dfd is also required for the activation of Tc-prd in the endites of the mandible and maxillary appendages. CONCLUSIONS:Tc-cnc is necessary for patterning the mandibular segment of Tribolium. Together, Tc-cnc and Tc-Dfd cooperate to specify mandibular identity, as in Drosophila. Expression patterns of the homologs of cnc and Dfd are conserved in mandibulate arthropods suggesting that the mandible specifying function of cnc is likely to be conserved across the mandibulate arthropods.

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Recurrent osteoblastoma of the maxilla.

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