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Neurocardiological differences between musicians and control subjects.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Exercise training is beneficial in health and disease. Part of the training effect materialises in the brainstem due to the exercise-associated somatosensory nerve traffic. Because active music making also involves somatosensory nerve traffic, we hypothesised that this will have training effects resembling those of physical exercise. METHODS:We compared two groups of healthy, young subjects between 18 and 30 years: 25 music students (13/12 male/female, group M) and 28 controls (12/16 male/female, group C), peers, who were non-musicians. Measurement sessions to determine resting heart rate, resting blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were held during morning hours. RESULTS:Groups M and C did not differ significantly in age (21.4?±?3.0 vs 21.2?±?3.1 years), height (1.79?±?0.11 vs 1.77?±?0.10 m), weight (68.0?±?9.1 vs 66.8?±?10.4 kg), body mass index (21.2?±?2.5 vs 21.3?±?2.4 kg?m(-2)) and physical exercise volume (39.3?±?38.8 vs 36.6?±?23.6 metabolic equivalent hours/week). Group M practised music daily for 1.8?±?0.7 h. In group M heart rate (65.1?±?10.6 vs 68.8?±?8.3 beats/min, trend P =0.08), systolic blood pressure (114.2?±?8.7 vs 120.3?±?10.0 mmHg, P?=?0.01), diastolic blood pressure (65.0?±?6.1 vs 71.0?±?6.2 mmHg, P?

SUBMITTER: Burggraaf JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3673600 | biostudies-other | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Neurocardiological differences between musicians and control subjects.

Burggraaf J L I JL Elffers T W TW Segeth F M FM Austie F M C FM Plug M B MB Gademan M G J MG Maan A C AC Man S S de Muynck M M Soekkha T T Simonsz A A van der Wall E E EE Schalij M J MJ Swenne C A CA

Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation 20130401 4

<h4>Background</h4>Exercise training is beneficial in health and disease. Part of the training effect materialises in the brainstem due to the exercise-associated somatosensory nerve traffic. Because active music making also involves somatosensory nerve traffic, we hypothesised that this will have training effects resembling those of physical exercise.<h4>Methods</h4>We compared two groups of healthy, young subjects between 18 and 30 years: 25 music students (13/12 male/female, group M) and 28 c ...[more]

PMID: 23283752

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Project description:The coordinated dynamic interactions of large-scale brain circuits and networks have been associated with cognitive functions and behavior. Recent advances in network neuroscience have suggested that the anatomical organization of such networks puts fundamental constraints on the dynamical landscape of brain activity, i.e., the different states, or patterns of regional activation, and transition between states the brain can display. Specifically, it has been shown that densely connected, central regions control the transition between states that are "easily" reachable (in terms of expended energy), whereas weakly connected areas control transitions to states that are hard-to-reach. Changes in large-scale brain activity have been hypothesized to underlie many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Evidence has emerged that large-scale dysconnectivity might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially regarding cognitive symptoms. Therefore, an analysis of graph and control theoretic measures of large-scale brain connectivity in patients offers to give insight into the emergence of cognitive disturbances in the disorder. To investigate these potential differences between patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), patients with schizoaffective disorder (SCZaff) and matched healthy controls (HC), we used structural MRI data to assess the microstructural organization of white matter. We first calculate seven graph measures of integration, segregation, centrality and resilience and test for group differences. Second, we extend our analysis beyond these traditional measures and employ a simplified noise-free linear discrete-time and time-invariant network model to calculate two complementary measures of controllability. Average controllability, which identifies brain areas that can guide brain activity into different, easily reachable states with little input energy and modal controllability, which characterizes regions that can push the brain into difficult-to-reach states, i.e., states that require substantial input energy. We identified differences in standard network and controllability measures for both patient groups compared to HCs. We found a strong reduction of betweenness centrality for both patient groups and a strong reduction in average controllability for the SCZ group again in comparison to the HC group. Our findings of network level deficits might help to explain the many cognitive deficits associated with these disorders.

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Neurocardiological differences between musicians and control subjects.

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Neurocardiological differences between musicians and control subjects.

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