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Vibrio coralliilyticus search patterns across an oxygen gradient.

ABSTRACT: The coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus shows specific chemotactic search pattern preference for oxic and anoxic conditions, with the newly identified 3-step flick search pattern dominating the patterns used in oxic conditions. We analyzed motile V. coralliilyticus cells for behavioral changes with varying oxygen concentrations to mimic the natural coral environment exhibited during light and dark conditions. Results showed that 3-step flicks were 1.4× (P?=?0.006) more likely to occur in oxic conditions than anoxic conditions with mean values of 18 flicks (95% CI?=?0.4, n?=?53) identified in oxic regions compared to 13 (95% CI?=?0.5, n?=?38) at anoxic areas. In contrast, run and reverse search patterns were more frequent in anoxic regions with a mean value of 15 (95% CI?=?0.7, n?=?46), compared to a mean value of 10 (95% CI?=?0.8, n?=?29) at oxic regions. Straight swimming search patterns remained similar across oxic and anoxic regions with a mean value of 13 (95% CI?=?0.7, n?=?oxic: 13, anoxic: 14). V. coralliilyticus remained motile in oxic and anoxic conditions, however, the 3-step flick search pattern occurred in oxic conditions. This result provides an approach to further investigate the 3-step flick.

SUBMITTER: Winn KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3707849 | biostudies-other | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Vibrio coralliilyticus search patterns across an oxygen gradient.

Winn Karina M KM Bourne David G DG Mitchell James G JG

PloS one 20130710 7

The coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus shows specific chemotactic search pattern preference for oxic and anoxic conditions, with the newly identified 3-step flick search pattern dominating the patterns used in oxic conditions. We analyzed motile V. coralliilyticus cells for behavioral changes with varying oxygen concentrations to mimic the natural coral environment exhibited during light and dark conditions. Results showed that 3-step flicks were 1.4× (P = 0.006) more likely to occur in oxic ...[more]

PMID: 23874480

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Project description:Among the multiple metabolic signals involved in the establishment of the hepatic zonation, oxygen could play a key role. Indeed, depending on hepatocyte position in the hepatic lobule, gene expression and metabolism are differently affected by the oxygen gradient present across the lobule. The aim of this study is to understand whether an oxygen gradient, generated in vitro in our developed device, is sufficient to instruct a functional metabolic zonation during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from endoderm toward terminally differentiated hepatocytes, thus mimicking the in vivo situation. For this purpose, a microfluidic device was designed for the generation of a stable oxygen gradient. The oxygen gradient was applied to differentiating hESCs at the pre-hepatoblast stage. The definitive endoderm and hepatic endoderm cells were characterized by the expression of the transcription factor SOX-17 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Immature and mature hepatocytes were characterized by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF-4α) and albumin (ALB) expression and also analyzed for cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) zonation and glycogen accumulation through PAS staining. Metabolic zonated genes expression was assessed through quantitative real time PCR. Application of the oxygen gradient during differentiation induced zonated glycogen storage, which was higher in the hepatocytes grown in high pO2 compared to those grown in low pO2. The mRNA levels of glutamine synthetase (GLUL), beta-catenin (CTNNB) and its direct target cyclin D1 (CCND1) showed significantly higher expression in the cells grown in low pO2 compared to those grown in high pO2. On the contrary, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), ALB, the proliferative marker ki67 (MKI67) and cyclin A (CCNA) resulted to be significantly higher expressed in cells cultured in high pO2 compared to those cultured in low pO2. These results indicate that the oxygen gradient generated in our device can instruct the establishment of a functional metabolic zonation in differentiating hESCs. The possibility to obtain differentiated hepatocytes in vitro may allow in the future to deepen our knowledge about the physiology/pathology of hepatocytes in relation to the oxygen content.

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Vibrio coralliilyticus search patterns across an oxygen gradient.

Publications

Vibrio coralliilyticus search patterns across an oxygen gradient.

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