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Dynamic Light Scattering Based Microelectrophoresis: Main Prospects and Limitations.

ABSTRACT: Microelectrophoresis based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) effect has been a major tool for assessing and controlling the conditions for stability of colloidal systems. However, both the DLS methods for characterization of the hydrodynamic size of dispersed submicron particles and the theory behind the electrokinetic phenomena are associated with fundamental and practical approximations that limit their sensitivity and information output. Some of these fundamental limitations, including the spherical approximation of DLS measurements and an inability of microelectrophoretic analyses of colloidal systems to detect discrete charges and differ between differently charged particle surfaces due to rotational diffusion and particle orientation averaging, are revisited in this work. Along with that, the main prospects of these two analytical methods are mentioned. A detailed review of the role of zeta potential in processes of biochemical nature is given too. It is argued that although zeta potential has been used as one of the main parameters in controlling the stability of colloidal dispersions, its application potentials are much broader. Manipulating surface charges of interacting species in designing complex soft matter morphologies using the concept of zeta potential, intensively investigated recently, is given as one of the examples. Branching out from the field of colloid chemistry, DLS and zeta potential analyses are now increasingly finding application in drug delivery, biotechnologies, physical chemistry of nanoscale phenomena and other research fields that stand on the frontier of the contemporary science. Coupling the DLS-based microelectrophoretic systems with complementary characterization methods is mentioned as one of the prosperous paths for increasing the information output of these two analytical techniques.

SUBMITTER: Uskokovic V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3726226 | biostudies-other | 2012 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Dynamic Light Scattering Based Microelectrophoresis: Main Prospects and Limitations.

Uskoković Vuk V

Journal of dispersion science and technology 20121201 12

Microelectrophoresis based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) effect has been a major tool for assessing and controlling the conditions for stability of colloidal systems. However, both the DLS methods for characterization of the hydrodynamic size of dispersed submicron particles and the theory behind the electrokinetic phenomena are associated with fundamental and practical approximations that limit their sensitivity and information output. Some of these fundamental limitations, including th ...[more]

PMID: 23904690

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Project description:The dispersion protocol used to administer nanomaterials (NMs) in in vitro cellular tests might affect their toxicity. For this reason, several dispersion procedures have been proposed to harmonize the toxicological methods, allowing for the comparison of the data that were obtained by different laboratories. At the same time, several techniques and methods are available to monitor the identity of the NMs in the cell media. However, while the characterization of suspensions of engineered NMs having narrow size distribution may be easily performed, the description of aggregated NMs forming polydispersions is still challenging. In the present study, sub-micrometric/nanometric TiO2, SiO2, and CeO2 were dispersed in cell media by using two different dispersion protocols, with and without albumin (0.5%) and with different sonication procedures. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used to characterize NMs in stock solutions and culture media. Pitfalls that affect DLS measurements were identified and, guidance on a critical analysis of the results provided. The NMs were then tested for their cytotoxicity (LDH leakage) toward murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and PMA-activated human monocytes (THP-1). As markers of pro-inflammatory response, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine IL-1? production were measured on RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells, respectively. The pre-treatment with albumin added to a strong sonication treatment increases the stability and homogeneity of the suspensions of nanometric samples, but not of the submicrometric-samples. Nevertheless, while TiO2 and CeO2 were non-cytotoxic in any conditions, differences in cytotoxicity, NO, and IL-1? releases were found for the SiO2, depending upon the protocol. Overall, the results suggest that there is no one-fits-all method valid for all NMs, since each class of NMs respond differently. The definition of validated procedures and parameters for the selection of the most appropriate method of dispersion for each class of NM appears to be a more efficacious strategy for the harmonization of the dispersion protocols.

Dataset Information

Dynamic Light Scattering Based Microelectrophoresis: Main Prospects and Limitations.

Publications

Dynamic Light Scattering Based Microelectrophoresis: Main Prospects and Limitations.

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