Mountant-induced loss of Shorr-stained blue sperm tails.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hellenkemper B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3739101 | biostudies-other | 2010 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has been known to contribute to the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss. In this study, we discovered that in BALB/c mice pretreatment with methylene blue (MB) for 4 consecutive days significantly protected against cochlear injury by intense broad-band noise for 3 h. It decreased both compound threshold shift and permanent threshold shift and, further, reduced outer hair cell death in the cochlea. MB also reduced ROS and RNS formation after noise exposure. Furthermore, it protected against rotenone- and antimycin A-induced cell death and also reversed ATP generation in the in vitro UB-OC1 cell system. Likewise, MB effectively attenuated the noise-induced impairment of complex IV activity in the cochlea. In addition, it increased the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) level, which could affect the synaptic connections between hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the noise-exposed cochlea, and also promoted the conservation of both efferent and afferent nerve terminals on the outer and inner hair cells. These findings suggest that the amelioration of impaired mitochondrial electron transport and the potentiation of NT-3 expression by treatment with MB have a significant therapeutic value in preventing ROS-mediated sensorineural hearing loss.
| S-EPMC4001318 | biostudies-other
Project description:The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Destaining of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250-stained polyacrylamide gels with fungal laccase" [1]. Laccase is a class of multicopper oxidases that can catalyze oxidation of recalcitrant dyestuffs. This article describes optimal parameters for destaining of polyacrylamide gels, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250, with laccase from basidiomycete Cerrena sp. strain HYB07. Effects of laccase activity, mediator type and concentration, temperature and time on destaining of polyacrylamide gels were evaluated with respect to gel background intensity and protein band signals, and the optimal destaining effects were obtained with 15 U mL(-1) laccase and 2 μM ABTS at 37 °C after 2 h.
| S-EPMC4761628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:1. Sperm tails were isolated from mechanically disrupted spermatozoa of Perca fluviatilis and suspended in buffered sucrose solution. When freshly prepared suspensions were treated with ATP and magnesium chloride and centrifugal pellets obtained these weighed up to about 40% heavier than controls. 2. The effect is closely linked to the enzymic splitting of ATP and under conditions where this was inhibited no increase in weight was observed. Pellets from suspensions aged overnight at 2 degrees and then treated with ATP and magnesium chloride were no heavier than the controls although the suspensions had undiminished enzymic activity. Sperm tails from Salmo trutta did not show the effect. 3. Analyses showed that the weight increases were the result of uptake of sucrose solution and that sucrose completely penetrated the pellet water. Polyethylene glycol (mol.wt. 4000) did not penetrate the water of the pellets completely and an amount approximately equal to 1.9 times the flagellar dry weight was inaccessible. 4. Electron-microscopic studies indicated that the effect is the result of tail disintegration.
| S-EPMC1207045 | biostudies-other
Project description:Dark blue rings and circles emerged when the non-specific polysaccharide stain lactophenol cotton blue was added to Gram stained slides. The dark blue staining is attributable to the presence of capsular polysaccharides and bacterial slime associated with clumps of Gram-negative bacteria. Since all bacterial cells are glycosylated and concentrate polysaccharides from the media, the majority of cells stain light blue. The contrast between dark and light staining is sufficient to enable a digital image processing thresholding technique to be quantitative with little background noise. Prior to the addition of lactophenol cotton blue, the Gram-stained slides appeared unremarkable, lacking ubiquitous clumps or stained polysaccharides. Adding lactophenol cotton blue to Gram stained slides is a quick and inexpensive way to screen cell cultures for bacterial slime, clumps and biofilms that are invisible using the Gram stain alone.
| S-EPMC5754746 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to identify the human sperm tail proteome using normozoospermic samples. In particular, we were interested in identifying the centrosomal proteins present in the human sperm.
2022-02-15 | PXD028348 | Pride
Project description:Polyamines are known to play important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of many types of cells. Although considerable amounts of polyamines are synthesized and stored in the testes, their roles remain unknown. Ornithine decarboxylase antizymes (OAZs) control the intracellular concentration of polyamines in a feedback manner. OAZ1 and OAZ2 are expressed ubiquitously, whereas OAZ-t/OAZ3 is expressed specifically in germline cells during spermiogenesis. OAZ-t reportedly binds to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and inactivates ODC activity. In a prior study, polyamines were capable of inducing a frameshift at the frameshift sequence of OAZ-t mRNA, resulting in the translation of OAZ-t. To investigate the physiological role of OAZ-t, we generated OAZ-t-disrupted mutant mice. Homozygous OAZ-t mutant males were infertile, although the polyamine concentrations of epididymides and testes were normal in these mice, and females were fertile. Sperm were successfully recovered from the epididymides of the mutant mice, but the heads and tails of the sperm cells were easily separated in culture medium during incubation. Results indicated that OAZ-t is essential for the formation of a rigid junction between the head and tail during spermatogenesis. The detached tails and heads were alive, and most of the headless tails showed straight forward movement. Although the tailless sperm failed to acrosome-react, the heads were capable of fertilizing eggs via intracytoplasmic sperm injection. OAZ-t likely plays a key role in haploid germ cell differentiation via the local concentration of polyamines.
| S-EPMC2763286 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveNutrients and antioxidants in the medium of immature oocyte have a profound effect on maturation, fertilization and development of resulting embryos. In this study the effects of melatonin as an antioxidant agent on maturation, glutathione level and expression of High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) gene were evaluated in immature oocytes of mice stained with brilliant cresyl blue (BCB).Materials and methodsIn this experimental study, immature oocytes were harvested from ovaries of Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice. Oocytes were stained with 26 μM BCB for 90 minutes and transferred to in vitro maturation medium containing varying doses of melatonin (10-12, 10-9, 10-6, 10-3 M) and without melatonin, for 22-24 hours. Maturation was monitored using an inverted microscope. Glutathione was assessed by monochlorobimane (MCB) staining and HMGB1 expression in mature oocyte was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsMelatonin in the concentration of 10-6 M had the most effect on maturation and HMGB1 expression of BCB+ oocytes (p<0.05). Meanwhile melatonin had no effects on glutathione levels. Additionally in immature BCB- oocytes, compared to the control group, melatonin did not affect cytoplasm maturation (p>0.05).ConclusionIn vitro treatment with melatonin increases the maturation and HMGB1 expression in BCB+ immature oocytes and has no significant effect on glutathione levels.
| S-EPMC3866532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) plays a pivotal role in hemostasis and thrombosis by mediating adhesive interactions of platelets. Binding of alpha(IIb)beta(3) to its physiological ligands, immobilized fibrinogen and fibrin, induces outside-in signaling in platelets, leading to their adhesion and spreading even without prior stimulation by agonists. Implicit in these phenomena is a requirement for the linkage between integrins' cytoplasmic tails and intracellular proteins. However, the nature of the initiating signal has not been established. In this study, we examined whether binding of alpha(IIb)beta(3) to immobilized fibrin(ogen), per se, triggers interaction of the integrin with cytoplasmic proteins. Using the integrin-binding skelemin fragment as a marker of exposure of residues involved in the clasp between alpha(IIb) and beta(3) cytoplasmic tails, we showed that its binding site in the membrane-proximal beta(3) 715-730 segment is cryptic and becomes exposed as a result of binding of isolated alpha(IIb)beta(3) to immobilized ligands. Furthermore, the skelemin-like protein present in platelets and CHO cells does not associate with alpha(IIb)beta(3) in resting platelets or suspended alpha(IIb)beta(3)-expressing CHO cells but is recruited to integrin during cell adhesion. In addition, not only beta(3) but also the membrane-proximal 989-1000 segment of the alpha(IIb) cytoplasmic tail binds the skelemin fragment. Finally, the same residues, alpha(IIb) Val(990), alpha(IIb) Arg(995), and beta(3) His(722), involved in the formation of the clasp between the tails are also required for skelemin binding. These studies suggest that ligation of alpha(IIb)beta(3) by immobilized ligands during platelet adhesion induces a transmembrane conformation change in the integrin, resulting in unclasping of the complex between the membrane-proximal parts of cytoplasmic tails, thereby unmasking residues involved in binding the skelemin-like protein. Thus, the junction between alpha(IIb) and beta(3) cytoplasmic tails may contain the critical structural information for the initiation of outside-in signaling.
| S-EPMC4540355 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The hybrids of female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and male blue catfish (I. furcatus) account for >50% of US catfish production due to superior growth, feed conversion, and disease resistance compared to both parental species. However, these hybrids can rarely be naturally spawned. Sperm collection is a lethal procedure, and sperm samples are now cryopreserved for fertilization needs. Previous studies showed that variation in sperm quality causes variable embryo hatch rates, which is the limiting factor in hybrid catfish breeding. Biomarkers as indicators for sperm quality and reproductive success are currently lacking. To address this, we investigated expression changes caused by cryopreservation using transcriptome profiles of fresh and cryopreserved sperm. Sperm quality measurements revealed that cryopreservation significantly increased oxidative stress levels and DNA fragmentation, and reduced sperm kinematic parameters. The present RNA-seq study identified 849 upregulated genes after cryopreservation, including members of all five complexes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, suggesting a boost in oxidative phosphorylation activities, which often lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with cell death. Interestingly, functional enrichment analyses revealed compensatory changes in gene expression after cryopreservation to offset detrimental effects of ultra-cold storage: MnSOD was induced to control ROS production; chaperones and ubiquitin ligases were upregulated to correct misfolded proteins or direct them to degradation; negative regulators of apoptosis, amide biosynthesis, and cilium-related functions were also enriched. Our study provides insight into underlying molecular mechanisms of sperm cryoinjury and lays a foundation to further explore molecular biomarkers on cryo-survival and gamete quality.
| S-EPMC9316979 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) refers to two or more spontaneous abortions that occur consecutively with the same spouse. RPL severely affects human reproduction health, and causes extreme physical and mental suffering to patients and their families.MethodsWe used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), which was coupled with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomic analysis, in order to identify differentially expressed proteins. Moreover, we used western blot to analyze differentially expressed proteins.ResultsOf the 2350 non-redundant proteins identified, 38 proteins were significantly altered and were identified as potential biomarkers for RPL. The protein-protein interaction network constructed using GeneMANIA revealed that 35.55% displayed similar co-expression, 30.87% were predicted, and 20.95% had physical interaction characteristics. Based on Gene ontology classification and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, the majority of these differentially expressed proteins were found to be related to biological regulation, metabolic and cellular processes, protein binding and different enzymes activities, as well as disorder of fat and glucose metabolic pathways. It is noteworthy that three metabolism related biomarkers (HK1, ACLY, and FASN) were further confirmed through western blot analysis.ConclusionsThese results suggest that these differentially expressed proteins may be used as biomarkers for RPL, and related signaling pathways may play crucial roles in male induced RPL.
| S-EPMC6617596 | biostudies-literature