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Meat intake and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of Asian prospective cohort studies.

ABSTRACT: Total or red meat intake has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of mortality in Western populations, but little is known of the risks in Asian populations.We examined temporal trends in meat consumption and associations between meat intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asia.We used ecological data from the United Nations to compare country-specific meat consumption. Separately, 8 Asian prospective cohort studies in Bangladesh, China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan consisting of 112,310 men and 184,411 women were followed for 6.6 to 15.6 y with 24,283 all-cause, 9558 cancer, and 6373 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. We estimated the study-specific HRs and 95% CIs by using a Cox regression model and pooled them by using a random-effects model.Red meat consumption was substantially lower in the Asian countries than in the United States. Fish and seafood consumption was higher in Japan and Korea than in the United States. Our pooled analysis found no association between intake of total meat (red meat, poultry, and fish/seafood) and risks of all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality among men and women; HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality from a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile were 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) in men and 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) in women.Ecological data indicate an increase in meat intake in Asian countries; however, our pooled analysis did not provide evidence of a higher risk of mortality for total meat intake and provided evidence of an inverse association with red meat, poultry, and fish/seafood. Red meat intake was inversely associated with CVD mortality in men and with cancer mortality in women in Asian countries.

SUBMITTER: Lee JE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3778858 | biostudies-other | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Meat intake and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of Asian prospective cohort studies.

Lee Jung Eun JE McLerran Dale F DF Rolland Betsy B Chen Yu Y Grant Eric J EJ Vedanthan Rajesh R Inoue Manami M Tsugane Shoichiro S Gao Yu-Tang YT Tsuji Ichiro I Kakizaki Masako M Ahsan Habibul H Ahn Yoon-Ok YO Pan Wen-Harn WH Ozasa Kotaro K Yoo Keun-Young KY Sasazuki Shizuka S Yang Gong G Watanabe Takashi T Sugawara Yumi Y Parvez Faruque F Kim Dong-Hyun DH Chuang Shao-Yuan SY Ohishi Waka W Park Sue K SK Feng Ziding Z Thornquist Mark M Boffetta Paolo P Zheng Wei W Kang Daehee D Potter John J Sinha Rashmi R

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20130731 4

<h4>Background</h4>Total or red meat intake has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of mortality in Western populations, but little is known of the risks in Asian populations.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined temporal trends in meat consumption and associations between meat intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asia.<h4>Design</h4>We used ecological data from the United Nations to compare country-specific meat consumption. Separately, 8 Asian prospective cohort studies in B ...[more]

PMID: 23902788

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Project description:BackgroundAsia has experienced a large increase in meat intake in the past decade, yet the health impact of meat intake is not well studied.ObjectiveWe examined the association of meat intake with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in an Asian country.MethodsParticipants were 113,568 adults with dietary data at recruitment (2004-2013) of the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study, a prospective cohort study conducted in 8 regions of Korea. Participants were followed until 31 December 2020. Total, red, white, and organ meat intake were computed based on a 106-item questionnaire. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were implemented using the lowest quintile of meat intake as the reference category.FindingsFor 1,205,236 person-years, 3,454 deaths were recorded. High intake of processed red meat was positively associated with all-cause mortality [men: hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07-1.37; women: HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12-1.56]. Increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.39) and cancer mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.50) was observed in women with high intake of organ meat. Moderate intake of pork belly was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality in men (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.93) and women (HR 0.83, 95% 0.69-0.98) but high intake was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality in women (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.20-2.82). Low beef intake decreased the risk of CVD mortality in men (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.84), but roasted pork increased cancer mortality in women (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52).ConclusionThere was increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with intake of processed red meat in men and women, increased risk of all-cause and cancer mortality with intake of organ meat in women, and increased risk of cancer mortality with intake of roasted pork intake in women. High intake of pork belly increased the risk of CVD mortality in women, but moderate intake was inversely associated with mortality from all-causes in both men and women.

Project description:Evidence for associations between long-term protein intake with mortality is not consistent. We aimed to examine associations of dietary protein from different sources with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We followed 7786 participants from three sub-cohorts of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Dietary data were collected using food-frequency questionnaires at baseline (1989-1993, 2000-2001, 2006-2008). Deaths were followed until 2018. Associations were examined using Cox regression. Additionally, we performed a highest versus lowest meta-analysis and a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize results from the Rotterdam Study and previous prospective cohorts. During a median follow-up of 13.0 years, 3589 deaths were documented in the Rotterdam Study. In this cohort, after multivariable adjustment, higher total protein intake was associated with higher all-cause mortality [e.g. highest versus lowest quartile of total protein intake as percentage of energy (Q4 versus Q1), HR = 1.12 (1.01, 1.25)]; mainly explained by higher animal protein intake and CVD mortality [Q4 versus Q1, CVD mortality: 1.28 (1.03, 1.60)]. The association of animal protein intake and CVD was mainly contributed to by protein from meat and dairy. Total plant protein intake was not associated with all-cause or cause-specific mortality, mainly explained by null associations for protein from grains and potatoes; but higher intake of protein from legumes, nuts, vegetables, and fruits was associated with lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Findings for total and animal protein intake were corroborated in a meta-analysis of eleven prospective cohort studies including the Rotterdam Study (total 64,306 deaths among 350,452 participants): higher total protein intake was associated with higher all-cause mortality [pooled RR for highest versus lowest quantile 1.05 (1.01, 1.10)]; and for dose-response per 5 energy percent (E%) increment, 1.02 (1.004, 1.04); again mainly driven by an association between animal protein and CVD mortality [highest versus lowest, 1.09 (1.01, 1.18); per 5 E% increment, 1.05 (1.02, 1.09)]. Furthermore, in the meta-analysis a higher plant protein intake was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality [e.g. for all-cause mortality, highest versus lowest, 0.93 (0.87, 0.99); per 5 E% increment, 0.87 (0.78, 0.98), for CVD mortality, highest versus lowest 0.86 (0.73, 1.00)]. Evidence from prospective cohort studies to date suggests that total protein intake is positively associated with all-cause mortality, mainly driven by a harmful association of animal protein with CVD mortality. Plant protein intake is inversely associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. Our findings support current dietary recommendations to increase intake of plant protein in place of animal protein.Clinical trial registry number and website NTR6831, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6645.

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Meat intake and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of Asian prospective cohort studies.

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Meat intake and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of Asian prospective cohort studies.

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