Psychometric properties associated with perceived vocal roughness using a matching task.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Eddins DA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3779263 | biostudies-other | 2013 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundStress is a common psychological condition usually associated with many psycho-physical disorders. Stress and its risk factors are frequently seen in Ethiopians including university students. In such circumstances, a valid measure to screen for stress in Ethiopians is necessary. Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in Ethiopian university students.MethodsA cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was performed on students of Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia. The study presents a psychometric investigation on a sample of 387 students (age?= 21.8?±?3.8?years, and body mass index?= 20.8?±?3.2?kg/m2) who completed PSS, Generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), and a socio-demographics tool. McDonald's Omega (internal consistency), factor validity for ordinal data and convergent validity (Spearman's correlation) were assessed.ResultsNo ceiling/floor effect was seen for the total or factor scores of the PSS-10 and PSS-4. Two factor model of the PSS-10 was favored by fit indices with Comparative Fit Index>?0.95, Weighted root mean square residual<.05 and root mean square error of approximation<.08. McDonald's Omega was 0.78 and 0.68 for the PSS-10: Factor-1 and PSS-10: Factor-2, respectively. McDonald's Omega was 0.70 and 0.54 for the PSS-4: Factor-1 and PSS-4: Factor-2, respectively. There were moderate-strong correlations (r =?0.62-0.83) between PSS factors and respective items loading on them. PSS scores were correlated with GAD-7 (r =?.27-.40, p <?.01).ConclusionThe psychometric measures support the validity of the PSS-10 in Ethiopian university students.
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Project description:Two previous studies manipulated spatial cues to alter the perceptual organization of a sound mixture containing an ambiguous sound element (a pure tone; the "target") that could belong to two competing auditory objects (a sequential tone stream and a simultaneous harmonic complex). In both studies, the sum of the contributions of the target to the two objects was less than the physical target level in the mixture. However, many listeners had difficulties making consistent judgments about the perceptual contribution of the target to the harmonic complex. The current study used stimuli similar to those used in the previous study, but with a target made up of five tones rather than a single pure tone. In addition, listeners performed a direct matching task to indicate the perceptual contribution of the target to the competing objects rather than relying on an indirect mapping procedure. The matching task proved to be efficient and reliable. However, the complex-tone target was perceptually stronger in the harmonic complex and weaker in the sequential tone stream than in past studies. As a result, the sum of the target contributions to the two objects roughly equaled the physical target level for all tested spatial configurations, unlike in the previous studies.
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Project description:In previous work, we examined how the apparent roughness of a textured surface changed with direction of illumination. We found that observers exhibited systematic failures of roughness constancy across illumination conditions for triangular-faceted surfaces where physical roughness was defined as the variance of facet heights. These failures could be due, in part, to cues in the scene that confound changes in surface roughness with changes in illumination. These cues include the following: (1) the proportion of the surface in shadow, (2) mean luminance of the nonshadowed portion, (3) the standard deviation of the luminance of the nonshadowed portion, and (4) texture contrast. If the visual system relied on such "pseudocues" to roughness, then it would systematically misestimate surface roughness with changes in illumination much as our observers did despite the availability of depth cues such as binocular disparity. Here, we investigate observers' judgments of roughness when illumination direction and surface orientation are fixed and the observers' viewpoint with respect to the surface changes. We find a similar pattern of results. Observers exhibited patterned failures of roughness constancy with change in viewpoint, and an appreciable part of their failures could be accounted for by the same pseudocues. While the human visual system exhibits some degree of roughness constancy, our results lead to the conclusion that it does not always select the correct cues for a given visual task.
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Project description:In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of a French version of the Perceived Motor Competence in Childhood (PMC-C) questionnaire. The participants were 219 French-speaking children (aged 5-12 years), recruited from elementary schools in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Results supported the validity and reliability of a second-order confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) model, including one higher-order factor. Additional analyses supported the complete measurement invariance of the first- and second-order factor structure across sex and indicated no differential item functioning or latent mean differences in PMC-C factors as a function of selected predictors (i.e., age, body mass-index and physical activity/sport involvement). Thus, this French version of the PMC-C has satisfactory psychometric properties (i.e., factor validity and reliability, measurement invariance and differential item functioning) and can be used to assess French-speaking children's perceived motor competence.
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