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The relationship between 30-year developmental patterns of body fat and body fat distribution and its vascular properties: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Although body fat and body fat distribution are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it is unknown whether specific 30-year developmental patterns of body fat are associated with CVDs. This study examines the existence of distinct developmental patterns of total fat measured by the sum of four skinfolds (S4SFs) and body fat distribution measured by the skinfold thickness ratio (SFratio), and relates these patterns to micro- and macrovascular functions. METHODS: In 2006, 259 apparently healthy subjects were examined on micro- and macrovascular functions, using video microscopy and carotid ultrasound sonography. Body fat, using both S4SFs and SFratio, was measured for 10 times over 30 years, from 13 years onwards. Latent class growth analyses (LCGA) were used to obtain distinct developmental patterns of S4SFs and SFratio. This is a data-drive hypothesis-generating approach and could possibly give a new perspective on body fatness over time. In addition, a mixed-method approach is used to obtain individual growth parameters. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship of these patterns and individual growth parameters with micro- and macrovascular functions. RESULTS: LCGA identified normal and unfavourable developmental patterns in S4SFs and SFratio. Both men and women with an unfavourable developmental pattern of S4SFs showed impaired carotid compliance (β=-0.216, P=0.004 and β=-0.109, P=0.039, respectively), carotid distensibility (β=-5.078, P=0.001 and β=-5.118, P<0.001, respectively) and Young's elastic modulus (β=0.066, P=0.065 and β=0.107, P<0.001, respectively). In contrast, no relationship for microvascular function with developmental patterns of S4SFs was found. Developmental patterns of the SFratio were associated with neither measures of micro- nor macrovascular functions. No associations were using the individual growth parameters. CONCLUSIONS: For macrovascular function, there is a relationship of 30-year developmental patterns of S4SFs, whereas no such relationship was found for the 30-year developmental patterns of S4SFs or SFratio with microvascular function.

SUBMITTER: Wijnstok NJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3789134 | biostudies-other | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Background: Recently, students' fitness has been declining, and high physical fitness level is crucial in establishing optimal physical/mental health and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body composition and upper limb physical fitness and the specific aspects of low physical fitness level in Chinese students. Exploring the development and impact factors for upper limb physical fitness can provide a theoretical basis for the health management strategy of students. Methods: Study 1 collected data from 183 male students over 4 years and used Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to explore the quadratic predictive role of body composition on upper limb physical fitness. To further explored which aspects of upper limb physical fitness were affected by body composition, study 2 conducted an experimental investigation among 42 male students, comparing different kinds of upper limb physical fitness within two different body composition groups. Results: Studies found (1) from 2015 to 2018, students' Body-Mass-Index (BMI) showed an upward trend, and BMI differences were significant from year to year. While the upper limb physical fitness showed a downward trend. There were significant differences in the number of pull-outs between 2015 and 2016, 2015 and 2017, and 2015 and 2018. (2) The quadratic term of BMI could predict the upper body physical fitness in the same year and the following year. That is, when BMI was medium, the upper body fitness of the same year and the following year was the best. (3) Chinese students with excellent body composition had greater grip strength, drape height and anaerobic power than those with average body composition. Conclusion: In recent years, male students' BMI has been increasing, and the upper body physical fitness has been decreasing. Furthermore, body composition can predict the upper body mass in the same year and the second year, and male students with better body composition also had greater grip strength, drape height and anaerobic power in their upper limbs.

Project description:Objective The observational studies indicate an association between obesity and epilepsy, but it is unclear whether such an association responds to causality. The objective of this study was to determine the causal relationship between obesity and fat distribution and epilepsy subtypes based on waist circumference, hip circumference (HP), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI). Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted separately for the four indicators of obesity and epilepsy and its seven subtypes, with reverse Mendelian randomization and multivariate Mendelian randomization for significant outcomes. Results A two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis informed us that waist circumference was a risk factor for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (beta = 0.0299, P = 4.60 × 10−3). The increase in hip circumference increased the risk of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy, with effect values of 0.0283 (P = 2.01 × 10−3) and 0.0928 (P = 1.40 × 10−2), respectively. Furthermore, children with a higher BMI exhibit a higher risk of epilepsy (beta = 0.0148 P = 1.05 × 10−3). The reverse Mendelian randomization study revealed that childhood absence epilepsy increased its BMI (beta = 0.8980, P = 7.52 × 10−7), and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy increased its waist circumference (beta = 0.7322, P = 3.26 × 10−2). Multivariate Mendelian randomization revealed that an increase in hip circumference and waist-hip ratio increased the risk of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, with an effect value of 0.1051 (P = 9.75 × 10−4) and 0.1430 (P = 3.99 × 10−3), respectively, while an increase in BMI and waist circumference instead decreased their risk, with effect values of −0.0951 (P = 3.14 × 10−2) and−0.0541 (P = 1.71 × 10−2). In contrast, multivariate Mendelian randomization for childhood absence epilepsy and epilepsy did not identify any independent risk factors. Significance Our findings provide novel evidence in favor of obesity as a risk factor for epilepsy and waist circumference as a risk factor for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Increased hip circumference confers an elevated risk of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy (all documented cases), and a high BMI increases the risk of childhood absence epilepsy. With this, new insights are provided into the energy metabolism of epilepsy, which supports further nutritional interventions and the search for new therapeutic targets.

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The relationship between 30-year developmental patterns of body fat and body fat distribution and its vascular properties: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study.

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