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Optimized nonlinear gradients for reversed-phase liquid chromatography in shotgun proteomics.

ABSTRACT: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography has become the preferred method for separating peptides in most of the mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflows of today. In the way the technique is typically applied, the peptides are released from the chromatography column by the gradual addition of an organic buffer according to a linear function. However, when applied to complex peptide mixtures, this approach leads to unequal spreads of the peptides over the chromatography time. To address this, we investigated the use of nonlinear gradients, customized for each setup at hand. We developed an algorithm to generate optimized gradient functions for shotgun proteomics experiments and evaluated it for two data sets consisting each of four replicate runs of a human complex sample. Our results show that the optimized gradients produce a more even spread of the peptides over the chromatography run, while leading to increased numbers of confident peptide identifications. In addition, the list of peptides identified using nonlinear gradients differed considerably from those found with the linear ones, suggesting that such gradients can be a valuable tool for increasing the proteome coverage of mass spectrometry-based experiments.

SUBMITTER: Moruz L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3805310 | biostudies-other | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Optimized nonlinear gradients for reversed-phase liquid chromatography in shotgun proteomics.

Moruz Luminita L Pichler Peter P Stranzl Thomas T Mechtler Karl K Käll Lukas L

Analytical chemistry 20130724 16

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography has become the preferred method for separating peptides in most of the mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflows of today. In the way the technique is typically applied, the peptides are released from the chromatography column by the gradual addition of an organic buffer according to a linear function. However, when applied to complex peptide mixtures, this approach leads to unequal spreads of the peptides over the chromatography time. To address this, we ...[more]

PMID: 23841592

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Project description:Over the past 10 years, the bioenergy field has realized significant achievements that have encouraged many follow on efforts centered on biosynthetic production of fuel-like compounds. Key to the success of these efforts has been transformational developments in feedstock characterization and metabolic engineering of biofuel-producing microbes. Lagging far behind these advancements are analytical methods to characterize and quantify systems of interest to the bioenergy field. In particular, the utilization of proteomics, while valuable for identifying novel enzymes and diagnosing problems associated with biofuel-producing microbes, is limited by a lack of robustness and limited throughput. Nano-flow liquid chromatography coupled to high-mass accuracy, high-resolution mass spectrometers has become the dominant approach for the analysis of complex proteomic samples, yet such assays still require dedicated experts for data acquisition, analysis, and instrument upkeep. The recent adoption of standard flow chromatography (ca. 0.5 mL/min) for targeted proteomics has highlighted the robust nature and increased throughput of this approach for sample analysis. Consequently, we assessed the applicability of standard flow liquid chromatography for shotgun proteomics using samples from Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana, organisms commonly used as model systems for lignocellulosic biofuels research. Employing 120 min gradients with standard flow chromatography, we were able to routinely identify nearly 800 proteins from E. coli samples; while for samples from Arabidopsis, over 1,000 proteins could be reliably identified. An examination of identified peptides indicated that the method was suitable for reproducible applications in shotgun proteomics. Standard flow liquid chromatography for shotgun proteomics provides a robust approach for the analysis of complex samples. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to validate the standard flow approach for shotgun proteomics.

Dataset Information

Optimized nonlinear gradients for reversed-phase liquid chromatography in shotgun proteomics.

Publications

Optimized nonlinear gradients for reversed-phase liquid chromatography in shotgun proteomics.

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