Abscisic Acid synthesis and response.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Finkelstein R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3833200 | biostudies-other | 2013
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor which acts in the abscisic acid (ABA) network and is activated in response to abiotic stresses. However, the precise role of barley (Hordeum vulgare) ABI5 in ABA signaling and its function under stress remains elusive. Here, we show that HvABI5 is involved in ABA-dependent regulation of barley response to drought stress. We identified barley TILLING mutants carrying different alleles in the HvABI5 gene and we studied in detail the physiological and molecular response to drought and ABA for one of them. The hvabi5.d mutant, carrying G1751A transition, was insensitive to ABA during seed germination, yet it showed the ability to store more water than its parent cv. "Sebastian" (WT) in response to drought stress. The drought-tolerant phenotype of hvabi5.d was associated with better membrane protection, higher flavonoid content, and faster stomatal closure in the mutant under stress compared to the WT. The microarray transcriptome analysis revealed up-regulation of genes associated with cell protection mechanisms in the mutant. Furthermore, HvABI5 target genes: HVA1 and HVA22 showed higher activity after drought, which may imply better adaptation of hvabi5.d to stress. On the other hand, chlorophyll content in hvabi5.d was lower than in WT, which was associated with decreased photosynthesis efficiency observed in the mutant after drought treatment. To verify that HvABI5 acts in the ABA-dependent manner we analyzed expression of selected genes related to ABA pathway in hvabi5.d and its WT parent after drought and ABA treatments. The expression of key genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling differed in the mutant and the WT under stress. Drought-induced increase of expression of HvNCED1, HvBG8, HvSnRK2.1, and HvPP2C4 genes was 2-20 times higher in hvabi5.d compared to "Sebastian". We also observed a faster stomatal closure in hvabi5.d and much higher induction of HvNCED1 and HvSnRK2.1 genes after ABA treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate that HvABI5 plays a role in regulation of drought response in barley and suggest that HvABI5 might be engaged in the fine tuning of ABA signaling by a feedback regulation between biosynthetic and signaling events. In addition, they point to different mechanisms of HvABI5 action in regulating drought response and seed germination in barley.
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Project description:(+)-Abscisic acid 1 was obtained in a concise total synthesis from ethyl 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate (2) with 41% overall yield in seven steps. A hydroxyl group was stereoselectively introduced by Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation; then, the side chain was appended with dimethyl 2-(propan-2-ylidene)malonate (7); subsequently, selective decarboxylation of diacid 8 established the Z-configuration of the conjugated acid 1.
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Project description:The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates seed dormancy, controls seedling development and triggers tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought. Core ABA signaling components consist of a recently identified group of ABA receptor proteins of the PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE (PYR)/REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR) family that act as negative regulators of members of the PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C (PP2C) family. Inhibition of PP2C activity enables activation of SNF1-RELATED KINASE 2 (SnRK2) protein kinases, which target downstream components, including transcription factors, ion channels and NADPH oxidases. These and other components form a complex ABA signaling network. Here, an in depth analysis of the evolution of components in this ABA signaling network shows that (i) PYR/RCAR ABA receptor and ABF-type transcription factor families arose during land colonization of plants and are not found in algae and other species, (ii) ABA biosynthesis enzymes have evolved to plant- and fungal-specific forms, leading to different ABA synthesis pathways, (iii) existing stress signaling components, including PP2C phosphatases and SnRK kinases, were adapted for novel roles in this plant-specific network to respond to water limitation. In addition, evolutionarily conserved secondary structures in the PYR/RCAR ABA receptor family are visualized.
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Project description:Fibrillins are lipid-binding proteins of plastids that are induced under abiotic stress conditions. In response to environmental stress, plants generate abscisic acid (ABA) as an endogenous signal. We show that ABA treatment and fibrillin accumulation enhance the tolerance of photosystem II toward light stress-triggered photoinhibition in Arabidopsis. ABA induces fibrillin accumulation, and the ABA response regulators ABI1 and ABI2 regulate fibrillin expression. The abundance of fibrillin transcripts was specifically reduced in the ABA-insensitive abi1 mutant but not in the abi2 mutant. However, leaves of abi2 revealed in comparison to WT and abi1 enhanced fibrillin levels, pointing to a posttranscriptional control mechanism. Protein interaction analysis identified the protein phosphatase ABI2 to target the preprotein of fibrillin. Interaction was abrogated either by deleting the signal peptide of prefibrillin or by the single amino acid exchange present in the phosphatase-deficient abi2 protein. Thus, ABI1 and ABI2 seem to control fibrillin expression that is involved in mediating ABA-induced photoprotection.
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Project description:Abscisic acid (ABA) response elements (ABREs) are a group of cis-acting DNA elements that have been identified from promoter analysis of many ABA-regulated genes in plants. We are interested in understanding the mechanism of binding specificity between ABREs and a class of bZIP transcription factors known as ABRE binding factors (ABFs). In this work, we have modeled the homodimeric structure of the bZIP domain of ABRE binding factor 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtABF1) and studied its interaction with ACGT core motif-containing ABRE sequences. We have also examined the variation in the stability of the protein-DNA complex upon mutating ABRE sequences using the protein design algorithm FoldX. The high throughput free energy calculations successfully predicted the ability of ABF1 to bind to alternative core motifs like GCGT or AAGT and also rationalized the role of the flanking sequences in determining the specificity of the protein-DNA interaction.
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Project description:To better understand abscisic acid (ABA) regulation of the synthesis of chloroplast proteins in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to drought and light, we compared leaf proteome differences between maize ABA-deficient mutant vp5 and corresponding wild-type Vp5 green and etiolated seedlings exposed to drought stress. Proteins extracted from the leaves of Vp5 and vp5 seedlings were used for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). After Coomassie brilliant blue staining, approximately 450 protein spots were reproducibly detected on 2-DE gels. A total of 36 differentially expressed protein spots in response to drought and light were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and their subcellular localization was determined based on the annotation of reviewed accession in UniProt Knowledgebase and the software prediction. As a result, corresponding 13 proteins of the 24 differentially expressed protein spots were definitely localized in chloroplasts and their expression was in an ABA-dependent way, including 6 up-regulated by both drought and light, 5 up-regulated by drought but down-regulated by light, 5 up-regulated by light but down-regulated by drought; 5 proteins down-regulated by drought were mainly those involved in photosynthesis and ATP synthesis. Thus, the results in the present study supported the vital role of ABA in regulating the synthesis of drought- and/or light-induced proteins in maize chloroplasts and would facilitate the functional characterization of ABA-induced chloroplast proteins in C(4) plants.
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Project description:Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus L.) is a salt-tolerant, high-quality forage grass that plays an important role in forage production and ecological restoration. Abscisic acid (ABA)-insensitive 5 (ABI5) is essential for the normal functioning of the ABA signal pathway. However, the role of ABI5 from Siberian wildrye under salt stress remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of Elymus sibiricus L. abscisic acid-insensitive 5 (EsABI5) in the ABA-dependent regulation of the response of Siberian wildrye to salt stress. The open reading frame length of EsABI5 isolated from Siberian wildrye was 1170 bp, and it encoded a 389 amino acid protein, which was localized to the nucleus, with obvious coiled coil areas. EsABI5 had high homology, with ABI5 proteins from Hordeum vulgare, Triticum monococcum, Triticum aestivum, and Aegilops tauschii. The conserved domains of EsABI5 belonged to the basic leucine zipper domain superfamily. EsABI5 had 10 functional interaction proteins with credibility greater than 0.7. EsABI5 expression was upregulated in roots and leaves under NaCl stress and was upregulated in leaves and downregulated in roots under ABA treatment. Notably, tobacco plants overexpressing the EsABI5 were more sensitive to salt stress, as confirmed by the determining of related physiological indicators. EsABI5 expression affected the ABA and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Therefore, EsABI5 is involved in antisalt responses in these pathways and plays a negative regulatory role during salt stress.
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Project description:Mangrove plants adapt to coastal tidal mudflats with specially evolved viviparity seed development. However, very little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms of mangrove viviparity. Here, we tested a hypothesis that plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a significant role in precocious germination of viviparous Kandelia obovata seeds by exogenous applications. Through transcriptome analysis of ABA treated seeds, it was found that ABA repressed mangrove fruit growth and development, and there were thousands of genes differentially expressed. As a result, dynamics of the pathways were dramatically altered. In particular, "Plant hormone signal transduction" and "MAPK signaling pathway" were represented significantly. Among differentially expressed genes, some key genes of ABA signal transduction were induced, while ABA biosynthesis genes were repressed. Take ABI1 and ABI2, key negative regulators in ABA signal pathway, as examples, homologous alignment and a phylogenetic tree in various species showed that ABI1 and ABI2 are highly conserved among various species. The functional similarity of these genes was confirmed by transgenic work in Arabidopsis. Taken together, ABA inhibited mangrove viviparity, but mangroves developed a mechanism to prevent accidently increase of ABA in the harsh environment for maintaining viviparous reproductive strategy.
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Project description:Within a spike of wheat, the central spikelets usually generate three to four fertile florets, while the basal spikelets hardly achieve this. The physiological and transcriptional mechanism behind the difference in fertility between the basal and central spikelets is unclear. This study reports a high temporal-resolution investigation of transcriptomes, number and morphology of floret primordia, and physiological traits. The W6.5–W7.5 stage was regarded as the boundary to distinguish between fertile and abortive floret primordia; those floret primordia reaching the W6.5–W7.5 stage during the differentiation phase (3–9 d after terminal spikelet stage) usually developed into fertile florets in the next, dimorphism phase (12–27 d after terminal spikelet stage), whereas the others aborted. The central spikelets had a greater number of fertile florets than the basal spikelets, which was associated with more floret primordia reaching the W6.5–W7.5 stage. Physiological and transcriptional results demonstrated that the central spikelets had a higher sucrose content and lower abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation than the basal spikelets due to down-regulation of genes involved in ABA and JA synthesis. Collectively, we propose a model in which ABA and JA accumulation is induced under limiting sucrose availability (basal spikelet) through up-regulating genes involved in ABA and JA synthesis; this leads to floret primordia in the basal spikelets being hardly able to reach their fertile potential (W6.5–W7.5 stage) during the differentiation phase and then aborting. This fertility repression module may also regulate spikelet fertility in other cereal crops and potentially provides genetic resources to improve spikelet fertility.
2023-12-13 | GSE250006 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2020-11-23 | GSE142390 | GEO