Dataset Information

Models for predicting the ratio of particulate pollutant concentrations inside vehicles to roadways.

ABSTRACT: Under closed-window driving conditions, the in-vehicle-to-outside (I/O) concentration ratio for traffic-related particulate pollutants ranges from nearly 0 to 1 and varies up to 5-fold across a fleet of vehicles, thus strongly affecting occupant exposures. Concentrations of five particulate pollutants (particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, ultrafine particle number, and fine and coarse particulate masses) were measured simultaneously while systematically varying key influential parameters (i.e., vehicle type, ventilation, and speed). The I/O ratios for these pollutants were primarily determined by vehicle air exchange rate (AER), with AER being mostly a function of ventilation setting (recirculation or outside air), vehicle characteristics (e.g., age and interior volume), and driving speed. Small (±0.15) but measurable differences in I/O ratios between pollutants were observed, although ratios were highly correlated. This allowed us to build on previous studies of ultrafine particle number I/O ratios to develop predictive models for other particulate pollutants. These models explained over 60% of measured variation, using ventilation setting, driving speed, and easily obtained vehicle characteristics as predictors. Our results suggest that I/O ratios for different particulate pollutants need not necessarily be measured individually and that exposure to all particulate pollutants may be reduced significantly through simple ventilation choices.

SUBMITTER: Hudda N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3856706 | biostudies-other | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Models for predicting the ratio of particulate pollutant concentrations inside vehicles to roadways.

Hudda N N Fruin S A SA

Environmental science & technology 20130911 19

Under closed-window driving conditions, the in-vehicle-to-outside (I/O) concentration ratio for traffic-related particulate pollutants ranges from nearly 0 to 1 and varies up to 5-fold across a fleet of vehicles, thus strongly affecting occupant exposures. Concentrations of five particulate pollutants (particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, ultrafine particle number, and fine and coarse particulate masses) were measured simultaneously while systematically varying key infl ...[more]

PMID: 23957386

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Project description:The current experimental study presents particulate emissions from 30 Euro 1-4 L-category vehicles (i.e. 2-, 3- and 4-wheelers such as mopeds, motorcycles, quads and minicars, registered in Europe between 2009 and 2016) tested on a chassis dynamometer. The objectives were to identify those sub-categories with high emissions, to assess whether the measures prescribed in the Euro 5 legislation will effectively control particulate emissions and finally to investigate the need for additional measures. The results showed that 2-stroke (2S) mopeds and diesel minicars comprised the vehicles with the highest particulate mass (PM) and solid particle number above 23 nm (SPN23) emissions (up to 64 mg/km and 4.5 × 1013 km-1, respectively). It is uncertain whether the installation of diesel particulate filters (DPF) is a cost-effective measure for diesel mini-cars in order to comply with Euro 5 standard, while advanced emission controls will be required for 2S mopeds, if such vehicles remain competitive for Euro 5. Regarding 4-stroke mopeds, motorcycles and quads, PM emissions were one order of magnitude lower than 2S ones and already below the Euro 5 limit. Nevertheless, SPN23 emissions from these sub-categories were up to 5 times higher than the Euro 6 passenger cars limit (6 × 1011 km-1). Even recent Euro 4 motorcycles exceeded this limit by up to 3 times. These results indicate that L-category vehicles are a significant contributor to vehicular particulate emissions and should be further monitored during and after the introduction of the Euro 5 step. Moreover, including SPN in the range 10-23 nm increases emission levels by up to 2.4 times compared to SPN23, while volatile and semi-volatile particle numbers were even higher. Finally, cold engine operation was found to be a significant contributor on SPN23 emissions, especially for vehicles with lower overall emission levels. These results indicate that a specific particle number limit may be required for L-category to align emissions with passenger cars.

Dataset Information

Models for predicting the ratio of particulate pollutant concentrations inside vehicles to roadways.

Publications

Models for predicting the ratio of particulate pollutant concentrations inside vehicles to roadways.

Similar Datasets

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