Dataset Information

Landmark trials affecting the surgical management of invasive breast cancer.

ABSTRACT: Significant progress has been made in the surgical management of breast cancer. Most women diagnosed with early stage invasive breast cancer can now be managed with breast-conserving therapy to include a segmental mastectomy followed by radiation. Axillary lymph nodes are routinely assessed by sentinel lymph node biopsy. Axillary lymph node dissection is reserved for patients with documented nodal metastasis; however, here too progress has been made because a population of low-risk patients has been identified in whom a complete dissection is not required even in the setting of a positive sentinel lymph node. This article details the landmark clinical trials that have guided the surgical management of breast cancer.

SUBMITTER: Black DM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3907110 | biostudies-other | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Landmark trials affecting the surgical management of invasive breast cancer.

Black Dalliah M DM Mittendorf Elizabeth A EA

The Surgical clinics of North America 20130129 2

Significant progress has been made in the surgical management of breast cancer. Most women diagnosed with early stage invasive breast cancer can now be managed with breast-conserving therapy to include a segmental mastectomy followed by radiation. Axillary lymph nodes are routinely assessed by sentinel lymph node biopsy. Axillary lymph node dissection is reserved for patients with documented nodal metastasis; however, here too progress has been made because a population of low-risk patients has ...[more]

PMID: 23464699

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundPancreatic resections are among the most technically demanding procedures, including a high risk of potentially life-threatening complications and outcomes strongly correlated to hospital volume and individual surgeon experience. Minimally invasive pancreatic resections (MIPRs) have become a part of standard surgical practice worldwide over the last decade; however, in comparison with other surgical procedures, the implementation of minimally invasive approaches into clinical practice has been rather slow.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to highlight and summarize the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of minimally invasive approaches in pancreatic surgery.MethodsA WHO trial registry and Pubmed database literature search was performed to identify all RCTs comparing MIPRs (robot-assisted and/or laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy [DP] or pancreatoduodenectomy [PD]) with open pancreatic resections (OPRs).ResultsOverall, five RCTs on MIPR versus OPR have been published and seven RCTs are currently recruiting. For DP, the results of two RCTs were in favor of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) in terms of shorter hospital stay and less intraoperative blood loss, with comparable morbidity and mortality. Regarding PD, two RCTs showed similar advantages for MIPD. However, concerns were raised after the early termination of the third multicenter RCT on MIPD versus open PD due to higher complication-related mortality in the laparoscopic group and no clear other demonstrable advantages. No RCTs on robot-assisted pancreatic procedures are available as yet.ConclusionAt the current level of evidence, MIDP is thought to be safe and feasible, although oncological safety should be further evaluated. Based on the results of the RCTs conducted for PD, MIPD cannot be proclaimed as the superior alternative to open PD, although promising outcomes have been demonstrated by experienced centers. Future studies should provide answers to the role of robotic approaches in pancreatic surgery and aim to identity the subgroups of patients or indications with the greatest benefit of MIPRs.

Project description:ObjectiveDue to an insidious proliferative pattern, invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) often fails to form a defined radiological or palpable lesion and accurate diagnosis remains challenging. This study aimed to determine the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ILC and its impact on surgical outcomes.MethodsConsecutive symptomatic patients diagnosed with ILC in a tertiary centre over a 9-year period were reviewed. The time from diagnosis until surgery, initial type of surgery/index operation (breast-conserving surgery [BCS]/mastectomy) and the rates of reoperation (re-excision/completion mastectomy) were recorded. Patients were grouped into those who received conventional imaging and preoperative MRI (MR+) and those who received conventional imaging alone (MR-).ResultsThere were 218 cases of ILC, and 32.1% (n = 70) had preoperative MRI. Time from diagnosis to surgery was longer in the MR+ than the MR- group (32.5 vs 21.1 days, P < .001) even when adjusting for age and breast density. Initial BCS was performed on 71.4% (n = 50) of MR+ patients and 72.3% (n = 107) of the MR- group. While the rate of completion mastectomy following initial BCS was higher in the MR+ group (30.0%, n = 15 vs 14.0%, n = 15; χ2 = 5.63; P = .018), this association was not maintained in multivariable analysis. No difference was recorded in overall (initial and completion) mastectomy rate between the MR+ and MR- group (50.0%, n = 35 vs 37.8%, n = 56; χ2 = 2.89; P = .089). Margin re-excision following BCS was comparable between groups (8.0%, n =4, vs 9.3%, n = 10; χ2 = 0.076, P = .783) despite the selection bias for borderline conservable cases in the MR+ group. The rate of usage of MRI for ILC cases declined over the study period.ConclusionWhile MRI was associated with minor delays in treatment and did not reduce overall rates of margin re-excision or completion mastectomy, it altered the choice of surgical procedure in almost a quarter of MR+ cases. The benefit of preoperative breast MRI appears to be confined to select (younger, dense breast, borderline conservable) cases in symptomatic ILC.

Project description:The importance of developing personalized risk prediction estimates has become increasingly evident in recent years. In general, patient populations may be heterogenous and represent a mixture of different unknown subtypes of disease. When the source of this heterogeneity and resulting subtypes of disease are unknown, accurate prediction of survival may be difficult. However, in certain disease settings, the onset time of an observable short-term event may be highly associated with these unknown subtypes of disease and thus may be useful in predicting long-term survival. One approach to incorporate short-term event information along with baseline markers for the prediction of long-term survival is through a landmark Cox model, which assumes a proportional hazards model for the residual life at a given landmark point. In this paper, we use this modeling framework to develop procedures to assess how a patient's long-term survival trajectory may change over time given good short-term outcome indications along with prognosis on the basis of baseline markers. We first propose time-varying accuracy measures to quantify the predictive performance of landmark prediction rules for residual life and provide resampling-based procedures to make inference about such accuracy measures. Simulation studies show that the proposed procedures perform well in finite samples. Throughout, we illustrate our proposed procedures by using a breast cancer dataset with information on time to metastasis and time to death. In addition to baseline clinical markers available for each patient, a chromosome instability genetic score, denoted by CIN25, is also available for each patient and has been shown to be predictive of survival for various types of cancer. We provide procedures to evaluate the incremental value of CIN25 for the prediction of residual life and examine how the residual life profile changes over time. This allows us to identify an informative landmark point, t(0) , such that accurate risk predictions of the residual life could be made for patients who survive past t(0) without metastasis.

Dataset Information

Landmark trials affecting the surgical management of invasive breast cancer.

Publications

Landmark trials affecting the surgical management of invasive breast cancer.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets