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Effect of probiotics supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mass density.

ABSTRACT: A few studies in animals and a study in humans showed a positive effect of probiotic on bone metabolism and bone mass density. Most of the investigated bacteria were Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The positive results of the probiotics were supported by the high content of dietary calcium and the high amounts of supplemented probiotics. Some of the principal mechanisms include (1) increasing mineral solubility due to production of short chain fatty acids; (2) producing phytase enzyme by bacteria to overcome the effect of mineral depressed by phytate; (3) reducing intestinal inflammation followed by increasing bone mass density; (4) hydrolysing glycoside bond food in the intestines by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. These mechanisms lead to increase bioavailability of the minerals. In conclusion, probiotics showed potential effects on bone metabolism through different mechanisms with outstanding results in the animal model. The results also showed that postmenopausal women who suffered from low bone mass density are potential targets to consume probiotics for increasing mineral bioavailability including calcium and consequently increasing bone mass density.

SUBMITTER: Parvaneh K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3920759 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Anthropometric models of bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density based on the bone mineral density in childhood study.

Project description:UNLABELLED:New models describing anthropometrically adjusted normal values of bone mineral density and content in children have been created for the various measurement sites. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters. INTRODUCTION:Previous descriptions of children's bone mineral measurements by age have focused on segmenting diverse populations by race and sex without adjusting for anthropometric variables or have included the effects of a single anthropometric variable. METHODS:We applied multivariate semi-metric smoothing to the various pediatric bone-measurement sites using data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study to evaluate which of sex, race, age, height, weight, percent body fat, and sexual maturity explain variations in the population's bone mineral values. By balancing high adjusted R(2) values with clinical needs, two models are examined. RESULTS:At the spine, whole body, whole body sub head, total hip, hip neck, and forearm sites, models were created using sex, race, age, height, and weight as well as an additional set of models containing these anthropometric variables and percent body fat. For bone mineral density, weight is more important than percent body fat, which is more important than height. For bone mineral content, the order varied by site with body fat being the weakest component. Including more anthropometrics in the model reduces the overlap of the critical groups, identified as those individuals with a Z-score below -2, from the standard sex, race, and age model. CONCLUSIONS:If body fat is not available, the simpler model including height and weight should be used. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.

| S-EPMC4768717 | biostudies-literature

Increased cortical bone mineral content but unchanged trabecular bone mineral density in female ERbeta(-/-) mice.

Project description:Ovariectomy in young, growing rodents results in decreased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) and increased radial growth of the cortical bone. Both of these effects are reversed by treatment with estrogen. The aim of the present study was to determine the physiological role of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) on bone structure and bone mineral content (BMC). The BMC was increased in adult (11 weeks old), but not prepubertal (4 weeks old), female ERbeta(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This increase in BMC in females was not due to increased trabecular BMD, but to an increased cross-sectional cortical bone area associated with a radial bone growth. Male ERbeta(-/-) mice displayed no bone abnormalities compared with WT mice. Ovariectomy decreased the trabecular BMD to the same extent in adult female ERbeta(-/-) mice as in WT mice. The expression levels of osteoblast-associated genes - alpha1(I) collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin mRNAs - were elevated in bone from adult ERbeta(-/-) females compared with WT mice. These observations provide a possible explanation for the increased radial bone growth seen in female mutants, suggesting a repressive function for ERbeta in the regulation of bone growth during female adolescence. In summary, ERbeta is essential for the pubertal feminization of the cortical bone in female mice but is not required for the protective effect of estrogens on trabecular BMD.

| S-EPMC408552 | biostudies-literature

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Osteoporosis.

Project description:Objectives: To assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with osteoporosis and determine whether supplementation of more than 800 IU/day, which is the currently recommended dose, is beneficial. Methods: RA patients with osteoporosis who received bisphosphonate were included. Patients were classified into four groups according to the dose of vitamin D supplementation (0, 400, 800, and ≥1,000 IU/day). Multivariable linear regression models were performed to evaluate the effect of each dose of vitamin D supplementation on 1-year% change of BMD. Results: In total, 187 RA patients with osteoporosis were included. In the multivariate model adjusted for potential confounders, patients receiving vitamin D supplementation had a significantly higher increase in 1-year % change in lumbar spine BMD (400 IU/day: β = 2.51 [95% CI: 0.04-4.99], 800 IU/day: β = 2.90 [95% CI: 0.47-5.33], and ≥1,000 IU/day: β = 6.01 [95% CI: 3.71-8.32]) and femoral neck BMD (400 IU/day: β = 3.88 [95% CI: 1.83-5.94], 800 IU/day: β =4.30 [95% CI: 2.25-6.35], and ≥1,000 IU/day: β = 6.79 [95% CI: 4.87-8.71]) than those not receiving the supplementation. Notably, the ≥1,000-IU/day group had a significantly higher increase in 1-year % change in lumbar spine BMD (β = 3.11 [95% CI: 0.86-5.37]) and femoral neck BMD (β = 2.50 [95% CI: 0.63-4.36]) than the 800-IU/day group. Conclusion: In RA patients with osteoporosis receiving bisphosphonates, vitamin D supplementation was associated with a higher increase in BMD. This effect was higher in the vitamin D supplementation dose of ≥1,000 IU/day than in 800 IU/day.

| S-EPMC7473387 | biostudies-literature

Genetic variants affecting bone mineral density and bone mineral content at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children.

Project description:ContextOsteoporosis is a major public health burden with significant economic costs. However, the correlates of bone health in Hispanic children are understudied.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide and exome-wide association analysis of BMD and BMC. The Viva La Familia Study is a family-based cohort with a total of 1030 Hispanic children (4-19 years old at baseline) conducted in Houston, TX. BMD and BMC were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsSignificant heritability were observed for BMC and BMD at multiple skeletal sites ranging between 44 and 68% (P < 2.8 × 10-9). Significant evidence for linkage was found for BMD of pelvis and left leg on chromosome 7p14, lumbar spine on 20q13 and left rib on 6p21, and BMC of pelvis on chromosome 20q12 and total body on 14q22-23 (logarithm of odds score > 3). We found genome-wide significant association between BMC of right arm and rs762920 at PVALB (P = 4.6 × 10-8), and between pelvis BMD and rs7000615 at PTK2B (P = 7.4 × 10-8). Exome-wide association analysis revealed novel association of variants at MEGF10 and ABRAXAS2 with left arm and lumber spine BMC, respectively (P < 9 × 10-7).ConclusionsWe identified novel loci associated with BMC and BMD in Hispanic children, with strongest evidence for PTK2B. These findings provide better understanding of bone genetics and shed light on biological mechanisms underlying BMD and BMC variation.

| S-EPMC7120871 | biostudies-literature

The Effect of Group Composition and Mineral Supplementation during Rearing on Measures of Cartilage Condition and Bone Mineral Density in Replacement Gilts.

Project description:Lameness is a major cause of poor longevity and poor welfare in replacement gilts. The problem is exacerbated by inappropriate housing and diet during the rearing period. Replacement gilts are often reared with male finisher pigs destined for slaughter. If they are not castrated, they perform high levels of potentially injurious sexual and aggressive behaviour. Furthermore, finisher pig diets are not designed to meet the needs of developing gilts and may not supply the necessary minerals to support good limb health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of replacement gilts with copper, zinc and manganese and separating them from males during the rearing period on locomotory ability, bone mineral density and cartilage lesion scores. A 2 × 2 factorial design experiment investigated the effect of female-only or mixed-sex rearing, with or without supplementary minerals (Copper, Zinc and Manganese). In total, 384 maternal line gilts were assigned to 32 pens of 12 and were locomotion scored during the rearing period. A sub-sample (n = 102) of gilts were culled at breeding age and the front right limb was removed at slaughter. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, after which the limb was dissected to score the condition of the cartilage. The addition of trace minerals to the diet resulted in increased aBMD in the humerus (P < 0.05) compared to the control diet. Rearing gilts in female-only groups reduced the number of cartilage lesions overall (P < 0.05), and on the humeral condyle (P < 0.05). Rearing replacement gilts in female-only groups and with mineral supplementation had benefits for limb health.

| S-EPMC6770507 | biostudies-literature

Revised reference curves for bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density according to age and sex for black and non-black children: results of the bone mineral density in childhood study.

Project description:ContextDeficits in bone acquisition during growth may increase fracture risk. Assessment of bone health during childhood requires appropriate reference values relative to age, sex, and population ancestry to identify bone deficits.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to provide revised and extended reference curves for bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in children.DesignThe Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study was a multicenter longitudinal study with annual assessments for up to 7 yr.SettingThe study was conducted at five clinical centers in the United States.ParticipantsTwo thousand fourteen healthy children (992 males, 22% African-Americans) aged 5-23 yr participated in the study.InterventionThere were no interventions.Main outcome measuresReference percentiles for BMC and aBMD of the total body, lumbar spine, hip, and forearm were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for Black and non-Black children. Adjustment factors for height status were also calculated.ResultsExtended reference curves for BMC and aBMD of the total body, total body less head, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and forearm for ages 5-20 yr were constructed relative to sex and age for Black and non-Black children. Curves are similar to those previously published for 7-17 year olds. BMC and aBMD values were greater for Black vs. non-Black children at all measurement sites.ConclusionsWe provide here dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry reference data on a well-characterized cohort of 2012 children and adolescents. These reference curves provide the most robust reference values for the assessment and monitoring of bone health in children and adolescents in the literature to date.

| S-EPMC3200252 | biostudies-literature

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in HIV-Infected Youth.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a significant comorbidity in HIV. However, studies evaluating vitamin D supplementation on bone health in this population are limited. This study investigates changes in bone health parameters after 12 months of supplementation in HIV-infected youth with vitamin D insufficiency. METHODS:This is a randomized, active-control, double-blind trial investigating changes in bone parameters with 3 different vitamin D3 doses [18,000 (standard/control dose), 60,000 (moderate dose), and 120,000 IU/monthly (high dose)] in HIV-infected youth 8-25 years old with baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations <30 ng/mL. BMD and bone turnover markers were measured at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS:One hundred two subjects enrolled. Over 12 months, serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased with all doses, but the high dose (ie, 120,000 IU/monthly) maintained serum 25(OH)D concentrations in an optimal range (?30 or ?20 ng/mL) throughout the study period for more subjects (85% and 93%, respectively) compared with either the moderate (54% and 88%, respectively) or standard dose (63% and 80%, respectively). All dosing groups showed some improvement in BMD; however, only the high-dose arm showed significant decreases in bone turnover markers for both procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (-3.7 ng/mL; P = 0.001) and ?-CrossLaps (-0.13 ng/mL; P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS:High-dose vitamin D supplementation (120,000 IU/mo) given over 12 months decreases bone turnover markers in HIV-infected youth with vitamin D insufficiency, which may represent an early, beneficial effect on bone health. High vitamin D doses are needed to maintain optimal serum 25(OH)D concentrations.

| S-EPMC5680140 | biostudies-literature

Bone mineral density scans.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC1124002 | biostudies-literature

Three pleiotropic loci associated with bone mineral density and lean body mass.

Project description:Both bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass (LBM) are important physiological measures with strong genetic determination. Besides, BMD and LBM might have common genetic factors. Aiming to identify pleiotropic genomic loci underlying BMD and LBM, we performed bivariate genome-wide association study meta-analyses of femoral neck bone mineral density and LBM at arms and legs, and replicated in the large-scale UK Biobank cohort sample. Combining the results from discovery meta-analysis and replication sample, we identified three genomic loci at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5.0 × 10-8): 2p23.2 (lead SNP rs4477866, discovery p = 3.47 × 10-8, replication p = 1.03 × 10-4), 16q12.2 (rs1421085, discovery p = 2.04 × 10-9, replication p = 6.47 × 10-14) and 18q21.32 (rs11152213, discovery p = 3.47 × 10-8, replication p = 6.69 × 10-6). Our findings not only provide useful insights into lean mass and bone mass development, but also enhance our understanding of the potential genetic correlation between BMD and LBM.

| S-EPMC7903521 | biostudies-literature

The effect of combined calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation on bone mineral density in elderly women with moderate chronic kidney disease.

Project description:AIMS:To examine the effect of combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS:We performed a post-hoc analysis of the DECALYOS II, a 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 610 women randomized to: calcium-vitamin D3 fixed combination, calcium plus vitamin D3 separate combination, or placebo. Both active treatment groups received the same daily amount of calcium (1,200 mg) and vitamin D3 (800 IU). BMD of the distal radius was measured by single X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 and 24 months. RESULTS:At baseline 47.2%, 36.4% and 16.4% of the study population had an eGFR ? 60, 45 -59, and < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Both active regimens vs. placebo markedly increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from baseline in all eGFR groups (p 0.22 for all time points). CONCLUSION:Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation was effective in reducing rate of BMD loss in women with moderate CKD.

| S-EPMC4030712 | biostudies-literature

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