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Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in a Canadian population: the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008.

ABSTRACT: Chronic bronchitis (CB) represents one of the respiratory disease phenotypes that affect the Canadian health care system significantly. Presently, almost 6.5% of total health care costs are related to respiratory diseases.To determine the prevalence of self-reported CB and associated risk factors in the Canadian general population.Data regarding individuals ?12 years of age from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008, were analyzed. CB was determined through self-reported health professional diagnosis. Information regarding covariates of importance, such as demographics, lifestyle variables and socioeconomic status, was obtained. A weighted logistic regression analysis was performed with appropriate technique for clustering effects.The prevalence of self-reported CB was 2.5%. A greater prevalence of self-reported CB associated with older age, female sex and white ethnic group was found. There were differences in the prevalence of self-reported CB among regions of Canada for household income, educational attainment and smoking status.The results suggest an association between ethnicity and the prevalence of CB. The associations between self-reported CB prevalence and household income, educational attainment and smoking status varied according to region of Canada.

SUBMITTER: Karunanayake CP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3956327 | biostudies-other | 2013 Jul-Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in a Canadian population: the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008.

Karunanayake Chandima P CP Hagen Briana B Dosman James A JA Pahwa Punam P

Canadian respiratory journal 20130528 4

<h4>Background</h4>Chronic bronchitis (CB) represents one of the respiratory disease phenotypes that affect the Canadian health care system significantly. Presently, almost 6.5% of total health care costs are related to respiratory diseases.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the prevalence of self-reported CB and associated risk factors in the Canadian general population.<h4>Methods</h4>Data regarding individuals ≥12 years of age from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008, were analyzed ...[more]

PMID: 23717821

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Project description:BackgroundChronic back disorders (CBD) are a global health problem and the leading cause of years lived with disability. The present study aims to examine overall and specific trends in CBD in the Canadian population aged 18 to 65 years.MethodsData from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a cross-sectional study, from 2007 to 2014 (8 cycles) were used to calculate CBD prevalence across gender, age, geographical area (urban/rural and ten provinces and northern territories), and physical activity levels. CBD was defined in the CCHS as having back problems, excluding fibromyalgia and arthritis, which have lasted or are expected to last six months or more and that have been diagnosed by a health professional. Prevalence of CBD using survey weights and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated yearly using balanced repeated replications technique. Trend tests were calculated using joinpoint regressions; ArcGIS software was used for mapping.ResultsAge-standardized CBD prevalence in 2007 and 2014 were 18.9% (95% CI = 18.4;19.5) and 17.8% (95% CI = 17.2,18.4), respectively. CBD prevalence was consistently higher in women, older age groups, rural dwellers, and people classified as inactive. Crude and age-standardized CBD prevalence decreased faster in people classified as physically active compared to those who were inactive (p < 0.006). Although CBD slightly decreased over time, no statistically significant trends were found overall or by gender, area of residence, province or level of physical activity. The prevalence of CBD remained consistently high in the province of Nova Scotia, and consistently low in the province of Quebec over the eight CCHS cycles.ConclusionDespite prevention efforts, such as the Canadian back pain mass media campaign, CBD prevalence has remained stable between 2007 and 2014. Tailored prevention and management of CBD should consider gender, age, and geographical differences. Further longitudinal studies could elucidate the temporal relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors such as physical activity and CBD.

Project description:BackgroundFollowing the contested national elections in 2007, violence occurred throughout Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and health consequences of the 2007-2008 election-related violence.MethodsA cross-sectional, national, population-based cluster survey of 956 Kenyan adults aged ≥ 18 years was conducted in Kenya in September 2011 utilizing a two-stage 90 x 10 cluster sample design and structured interviews and questionnaires. Prevalence of all forms of violence surrounding the 2007 election period, symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and morbidity related to sexual and physical violence were assessed.ResultsOf 956 households surveyed, 916 households participated (response rate 95.8%). Compared to pre-election, election-related sexual violence incidents/1000 persons/year increased over 60-fold (39.1-2370.1; p < .001) with a concurrent 37-fold increase in opportunistic sexual violence (5.2-183.1; p < .001). Physical and other human rights violations increased 80-fold (25.0-1987.1; p < .001) compared to pre-election. Overall, 50% of households reported at least one physical or sexual violation. Households reporting violence were more likely to report violence among female household members (66.6% vs. 58.1%; p = .04) or among the Luhya ethnic group (17.0% vs. 13.8%; p = 0.03). The most common perpetrators of election-related sexual violence were reported to be affiliated with government or political groups (1670.5 incidents/1000 persons per year); the Kalenjin ethnic group for physical violations (54.6%). Over thirty percent of respondents met MDD and PTSD symptom criteria; however, symptoms of MDD (females, 63.3%; males, 36.7%; p = .01) and suicidal ideation (females, 68.5%; males, 31.5%; p = .04) were more common among females. Substance abuse was more common among males (males, 71.2%; females, 28.8%; p < .001).ConclusionOn a national level in Kenya, politically-motivated and opportunistic sexual and physical violations were commonly reported among sampled adults with associated health and mental health outcomes.

Project description:CANADIAN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES (CHNS) WORK IN DIVERSE URBAN, RURAL, AND REMOTE SETTINGS SUCH AS: public health units/departments, home health, community health facilities, family practices, and other community-based settings. Research into specific learning needs of practicing CHNs is sparsely reported. This paper examines Canadian CHNs learning needs in relation to the 2008 Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice (CCHN Standards). It answers: What are the learning needs of CHNs in Canada in relation to the CCHN Standards? What are differences in CHNs' learning needs by: province and territory in Canada, work setting (home health, public health and other community health settings) and years of nursing practice?Between late 2008 and early 2009 a national survey was conducted to identify learning needs of CHNs based on the CCHN Standards using a validated tool.Results indicated that CHNs had learning needs on 25 of 88 items (28.4%), suggesting CHNs have confidence in most CCHN Standards. Three items had the highest learning needs with mean scores > 0.60: two related to epidemiology (means 0.62 and 0.75); and one to informatics (application of information and communication technology) (mean = 0.73). Public health nurses had a greater need to know about "…evaluating population health promotion programs systematically" compared to home health nurses (mean 0.66 vs. 0.39, p <0.010). Nurses with under two years experience had a greater need to learn "… advocating for healthy public policy…" than their more experienced peers (p = 0.0029). Also, NPs had a greater need to learn about "…using community development principles when engaging the individual/community in a consultative process" compared to RNs (p = 0.05). Many nurses were unsure if they applied foundational theoretical frameworks (i.e., the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion, the Jakarta Declaration, and the Population Health Promotion Model) in practice.CHN educators and practice leaders need to consider these results in determining where to strengthen content in graduate and undergraduate nursing programs, as well as professional development programs. For practicing CHNs educational content should be tailored based on learner's years of experience in the community and their employment sector.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in a Canadian population: the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008.

Publications

Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in a Canadian population: the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008.

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