Performance of residents serving as clinical teachers: a student-based assessment.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Owolabi MO
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3963768 | biostudies-other | 2014 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Introduction:Preparing residents for supervision of medical students in the clinical setting is important to provide high-quality education for the next generation of physicians and is mandated by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education as well as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. This requirement is met in variable ways depending on the specialty, school, and setting where teaching takes place. This educational intervention was designed to allow residents to practice techniques useful while supervising medical students in simulated encounters in the emergency department and increase their comfort level with providing feedback to students. Methods:The four role-playing scenarios described here were developed for second-year residents in emergency medicine at the Indiana University School of Medicine. Residents participated in the scenarios prior to serving as a supervisor for fourth-year medical students rotating on the emergency medicine clerkship. For each scenario, a faculty member observed the simulated interaction between the resident and the simulated student. The residents were surveyed before and after participating in the scenarios to determine the effectiveness of the instruction. Results:Residents reported that they were more comfortable supervising students, evaluating their performance, and giving feedback after participating in the scenarios. Discussion:Participation in these clinical teaching scenarios was effective at making residents more comfortable with their role as supervisors of fourth-year students taking an emergency medicine clerkship. These scenarios may be useful as part of a resident-as-teacher curriculum for emergency medicine residents.
| S-EPMC6342361 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSenior trainees (residents) are poised to be unique effectors of clinical feedback. While several curricula are available to teach residents to give or elicit feedback, our curriculum is unique in that it teaches both the giving and elicitation of feedback and focuses on the longitudinal coaching relationship as opposed to onetime feedback interactions. This curriculum provides a framework, called clinical coaching, for streamlining and enhancing feedback interactions between senior and junior trainees.MethodsThis curriculum consists of: (1) a video module, (2) an interactive workshop, and (3) role-plays. Participants view the module, which simulates traditional feedback contrasted with the suggested approach. Next, an interactive workshop stimulates reflection on feedback, then defines and demonstrates clinical coaching. Finally, participants practice coaching with prewritten scenarios that illustrate critical steps in clinical coaching.ResultsThis workshop was initially conducted in September 2014 with 50 participants. Thirty-nine house staff completed the postcurricular survey (13 had attended the workshop, 26 had not). Recognition of interns soliciting feedback one or more times per week was greater amongst workshop attendees (83% of residents, 78% of interns), as compared to nonattendees (53% of residents, 67% of interns). Preparation to give feedback differed amongst resident attendees versus nonattendees (0% vs. 19%, respectively, reported no preparation).DiscussionThese results highlight a need to increase awareness of and preparedness for the vital role that trainees can play in coaching. Training house staff in coaching has the potential to transform feedback for teachers and learners alike.
| S-EPMC6354721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiagnostic score reporting is one method of providing feedback to all students following a structured clinical assessment but its effect on learning has not been studied. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of this feedback on student reflection and performance following a dental hygiene assessment.MethodsIn 2016, dental hygiene students at the University of Alberta participated in a mock structured clinical assessment during which they were randomly assigned to receive a diagnostic score report (intervention group) or an overall percentage grade of performance (control group). The students later reflected upon their performance and took their regularly scheduled structured clinical assessment. Reflections underwent content analysis by diagnostic domains (eliciting essential information, effective communication, client-centred care, and interpreting findings). Results were analysed for group differences.ResultsStudents performed best on eliciting essential information (92%) and poorest on interpreting findings (42%). The intervention group was more likely to view interpreting findings as a weakness, p = 0.007, while the control group was more likely to view eliciting essential information as a weakness, p = 0.04. No differences were found on the actual assessment scores, p > 0.05.DiscussionStudents who received diagnostic score reporting appeared to reflect more accurately upon their weaknesses. However, this knowledge did not translate into improved performance. Modifications and enhancements to the report may be necessary before an effect on performance will be seen.ConclusionDiagnostic score reporting is a promising feedback method that may aid student reflection. More research is needed to determine if these reports can improve performance.
| S-EPMC7906121 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTraditionally, evaluation is considered a measurement process that can be performed independently of the cultural context. However, more recently the importance of considering raters' sense-making, that is, the process by which raters assign meaning to their collective experiences, is being recognised. Thus far, the majority of the discussion on this topic has originated from Western perspectives. Little is known about the potential influence of an Asian culture on raters' sense-making. This study explored residents' sense-making associated with evaluating their clinical teachers within an Asian setting to better understand contextual dependency of validity.DesignA qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory.SettingThe Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has implemented a system to monitor the quality of clinical teaching within its 2-year postgraduate training programme. An evaluation instrument was developed specifically for the Japanese setting through which residents can evaluate their clinical teachers.Participants30 residents from 10 Japanese teaching hospitals with experience in evaluating their clinical teachers were sampled purposively and theoretically.MethodsWe conducted in-depth semistructured individual interviews. Sensitising concepts derived from Confucianism and principles of response process informed open, axial and selective coding.ResultsTwo themes and four subthemes were constructed. Japanese residents emphasised the awareness of their relationship with their clinical teachers (1). This awareness was fuelled by their sense of hierarchy (1a) and being part of the collective society (1b). Residents described how the meaning of evaluation (2) was coloured by their perceived role as senior (2a) and their experienced responsibility for future generations (2b).ConclusionsJapanese residents' sense-making while evaluating their clinical teachers appears to be situated and affected by Japanese cultural values. These findings contribute to a better understanding of a culture's influence on residents' sense-making of evaluation instruments and the validity argument of evaluation.
| S-EPMC8375773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As teachers are responsible for responding instantaneously to students' statements and actions, the progress of the class, and their teaching purpose, they need to be able to engage in responsive teaching. Teachers obtain information about students' learning by observing them in the classroom, and subsequently make instructional decisions based on this information. Teachers need to be sensitive to student behaviors and respond accordingly, because there are students who follow the teacher's instructions and those who do not in every classroom. Skilled teachers may distribute their gaze over the entire class and discover off-task behaviors. So how does a teacher's visual processing and noticing ability develop? It is important to clarify this process for both experienced teachers and student teachers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in visual processing and the ability to notice off-task behaviors in class between teachers and student teachers through gaze analysis. Using an eye tracking device, 76 teachers and 147 student teachers were asked to watch a video, and gaze measurements were collected. In the video, students exhibiting off-task behaviors in class were prompted by their classroom teacher to participate in the lesson. After the video, the participants were asked if they could identify the students who had displayed off-task behaviors and whom the teachers had warned. The results showed that teachers gazed at students engaging in off-task behaviors in class more often and noticed them at a higher rate than student teachers did. These results may be attributed to differences in the experiences of visual processing of relevant information in the classroom between teachers and student teachers. Thus, the findings on teachers' visual processing by direct measurement of gaze will be able to contribute to teachers' development.
| S-EPMC8565755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDuring workplace-based clinical placements, best practice assessment states students should expect consistency between assessors rating their performance. To assist clinical educators (CEs) to provide consistent assessment of physiotherapy student performance, nine paediatric vignettes depicting various standards of simulated student performance, as assessed by the Assessment of Physiotherapy Practice (APP), were developed. The APP defines adequate on the global rating scale (GRS) as the minimally acceptable standard for an entry-level physiotherapist. The project aimed to evaluate consistency of paediatric physiotherapy educators assessing simulated student performance using the APP GRS.MethodsThree paediatric scenarios representing neurodevelopment across three age ranges, infant, toddler and adolescent, were developed and scripted that depicted a 'not adequate', 'adequate' and 'good-excellent' performance based on the APP GRS. An expert panel (n = 9) conducted face and content validation. Once agreement was reached for all scripts, each video was filmed. A purposive sample of physiotherapists providing paediatric clinical education in Australia were invited to participate in the study. Thirty-five CEs, with minimum 3-years clinical experience and had supervised a student within the past year, were sent three videos at four-week intervals. Videos depicted the same clinical scenario, however performance varied with each video. Participants rated the performance on the four categories: 'not adequate', 'adequate', 'good' and 'excellent' Consistency among raters was assessed using percentage agreement to establish reliability.ResultsThe vignettes were assessed a combined total of 59 times. Across scenarios, percentage agreement at the not adequate level was 100%. In contrast, the adequate scenarios for the Infant, Toddler and Adolescent video failed to meet the 75% agreement level. However, when combining adequate or good-excellent, percentage agreement was > 86%. The study demonstrated strong consensus when comparing not adequate to adequate or better performance. Importantly, no performance scripted as not adequate was passed by any assessor.ConclusionsExperienced educators demonstrate consistency in identifying not adequate from adequate or good-excellent performance when assessing a simulated student performance using the APP. Recommendation for practice: These validated video vignettes will be a valuable training tool to improve educator consistency when assessing student performance in paediatric physiotherapy.
| S-EPMC10127403 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Teachers and student teachers in Germany are a high-risk population for stress and stress-related mental health problems. This often leads to early retirement in subsequent professional life. Various trials have demonstrated positive effects of stress prevention training on the perceived stress and stress-related symptoms of teachers. Although many studies show positive effects of mindfulness-based stress interventions, there is not yet any mindfulness-based intervention for teachers or student teachers in Germany. The aim of this trial is to evaluate a training that combines mindfulness-based and cognitive interventions into one programme, addressing to the specific burdens of student teachers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:This study protocol presents a prospective block-randomised controlled trial. Assessment will take place at three time points (baseline, post-intervention, 3-month follow-up) for an intervention and waiting control group, and at a fourth assessment point for the waiting control group after receiving the training. The aim is to evaluate the effects of mindfulness-based stress prevention on stress, psychological morbidity, burnout and self-efficacy using validated measures. Participants are student teachers from German teacher training colleges and participation will be voluntary. The targeted total sample size is 96 at 3-month follow-up. The training will comprise three 4-hour sessions conducted every 2 weeks. The control group will participate in the training after the 3-month follow-up. The allotment will be randomised with a stratified allocation ratio by gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial η2 values. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Results will be disseminated at conferences, in specialist magazines and through peer-reviewed publications. The trial has been approved by the ethics review board of the local medical association, Mainz, Germany, under the reference number 837.192.16 (10511). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:DRKS00010897.
| S-EPMC6377542 | biostudies-other
Project description:Microteaching is called "micro" teaching because it involves teaching a short lesson to a small group of people in a simulated classroom setting, with the goal of improving specific teaching skills or behaviors. Microteaching training represents a significant approach for enhancing the teaching competencies of student teachers. However, there is a scarcity of studies that examine the factors contributing to the self-efficacy and teaching performance of student teachers, both of which are central concerns in microteaching training programs. This study addresses this gap by synthesizing five contributing factors from existing literature, collecting survey responses from 272 English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) student teachers, and employing structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between these factors. The four hypotheses that were rejected yielded unexpected results, indicating negative relationships between participants' teaching experience and EFL speaking competence with their lesson-delivery competence, as well as a negative relationship between lesson-delivery competence and self-efficacy. Interestingly, public speaking anxiety was found to have no statistically significant impact on EFL student teachers' self-efficacy. This study establishes a theoretical framework that can assist decision-makers in enhancing facilitators and overcoming barriers in microteaching training programs. This framework can also be adapted for use in other academic studies.
| S-EPMC10900927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: The role of residents as teachers has grown over time. Programs have been established within various specialties to formally develop these skills. Anesthesiology residents are frequently asked to provide supervision for novice learners and have numerous opportunities for teaching skills and clinical decision making. Yet, there are no educational programs described in the literature to train anesthesiology residents to teach novice learners. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether a resident-as-teacher program would increase anesthesiology residents' self-reported teaching skills. METHODS: An 8-session interactive Anesthesiology Residents-as-Teachers (ART) Program was developed to emphasize 6 key teaching skills. During a 2-year period, 14 anesthesiology residents attended the ART program. The primary outcome measure was resident self-assessment of their teaching skills across 14 teaching domains, before and 6 months after the ART program. Residents also evaluated the workshops for quality with a 9-item, postworkshop survey. Paired t testing was used for analysis. RESULTS: Resident self-assessment led to a mean increase in teaching skills of 1.04 in a 5-point Likert scale (P < .001). Residents reported the greatest improvement in writing/using teaching objectives (+1.29, P < .001), teaching at the bedside (+1.57, P = .002), and leading case discussions (+1.64, P = .001). Residents rated the workshops 4.2 out of 5 (3.9-4.7). CONCLUSIONS: Residents rated their teaching skills as significantly improved in 13 of 14 teaching domains after participation in the ART program. The educational program required few resources and was rated highly by residents.
| S-EPMC3546586 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesTeachers' stress can affect their occupational health and negatively impact classroom climate and students' well-being. This study aims to evaluate the proximal and distal effects of a mindfulness-based program, specially developed to promote teachers' social-emotional competencies (SEC), across teachers, classroom climates, and students' outcomes.MethodsThe study followed a randomized trial design with two data collection points (pretest and posttest). Participants in the experimental group (EG) included 123 elementary school teachers, their 1503 students, and these students' parents (1494), while the control group (CG) comprised 105 elementary school teachers, their 947 students, and these students' parents (913). A mixed data collection strategy was used that included teachers' and students' (self-) report, observational ratings of teachers' classroom behaviors, and parents' reports on students.ResultsAfter the intervention, EG teachers, compared to CG teachers, reported a significant increase in mindfulness and emotional regulation competencies, self-efficacy, and well-being and a decrease in burnout symptoms. Similarly, a significant improvement was found in EG teachers' classroom behaviors related to students' engagement. Additionally, significant improvements were also found in EG students' perceptions of the quality of their teachers' involvement in classroom relationships, self-reported effect, and social competencies perceived by their parents.ConclusionsThese findings further the knowledge on the role played by mindfulness-based SEC interventions in reducing teachers' burnout symptoms and cultivating their SEC and well-being, in promoting a nurturing classroom climate and also in promoting the SEC and well-being of students.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01635-3.
| S-EPMC8060685 | biostudies-literature