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Describing socioeconomic gradients in children's diets - does the socioeconomic indicator used matter?

ABSTRACT: Children of low socioeconomic position (SEP) generally have poorer diets than children of high SEP. However there is no consensus on which SEP variable is most indicative of SEP differences in children's diets. This study investigated associations between diet and various SEP indicators among children aged 9-13?years.Families (n=625) were recruited from 27 Adelaide primary schools in 2010. Children completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires providing intake scores for fruit, vegetables, non-core foods, sweetened drinks, and healthy and unhealthy eating behaviours. Parents reported demographic information by telephone interview. Differences in dietary intake scores were compared across parental education, income, occupation, employment status and home postcode.Across most SEP indicators, lower SEP was associated with poorer dietary outcomes, including higher intake of non-core foods and sweetened drinks, and more unhealthy behaviours; and lower intake of fruit and vegetables, and fewer healthy behaviours. The number and type of significant SEP-diet associations differed across SEP indicators and dietary outcomes. Mother's education appeared most frequently as a predictor of children's dietary intake, and postcode was the least frequent predictor of children's dietary intake.Socioeconomic gradients in children's dietary intake varied according to the SEP indicator used, suggesting indicator-specific pathways of influence on children's dietary intake. Researchers should consider multiple indicators when defining SEP in relation to children's eating.

SUBMITTER: Zarnowiecki D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3986827 | biostudies-other | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Describing socioeconomic gradients in children's diets - does the socioeconomic indicator used matter?

Zarnowiecki Dorota D Ball Kylie K Parletta Natalie N Dollman James J

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 20140328 1

<h4>Background</h4>Children of low socioeconomic position (SEP) generally have poorer diets than children of high SEP. However there is no consensus on which SEP variable is most indicative of SEP differences in children's diets. This study investigated associations between diet and various SEP indicators among children aged 9-13 years.<h4>Method</h4>Families (n=625) were recruited from 27 Adelaide primary schools in 2010. Children completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires provid ...[more]

PMID: 24674231

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Project description:Activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary time and screen time) have been linked to health outcomes in childhood. Furthermore, socioeconomic disparities have been observed in both children's activity behaviours and health outcomes. Children's physical home environments may play a role in these relationships. This study aimed to examine the associations and interactions between children's physical home environment, socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary time and screen time.Australian children (n?=?528) aged 9-11 years from randomly selected schools participated in the cross-sectional International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Children's physical home environment (access to equipment), socioeconomic status (household income and parental education) and demographic variables (gender and family structure) were determined by parental questionnaire. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time were measured objectively by 7-day 24-h accelerometry. Screen time was obtained from child survey. The associations between the physical home environment, socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary time and screen time were examined for 427 children, using analysis of covariance, and linear and logistic regression, with adjustment for gender and family structure.The presence of TVs (p?<?0.01) and video game consoles (p?<?0.01) in children's bedrooms, and child possession of handheld video games (p?=?0.04), cell phones (p?<?0.01) and music devices (p?=?0.04) was significantly and positively associated with screen time. Ownership of these devices (with the exception of music devices) was inversely related to socioeconomic status (parental education). Children's moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (p?=?0.04) and possession of active play equipment (p?=?0.04) were both positively associated with socioeconomic status (household income), but were not related to each other (with the exception of bicycle ownership).Children with less electronic devices, particularly in their bedrooms, participated in less screen time, regardless of socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic disparities were identified in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, however socioeconomic status was inconsistently related to possession of active play equipment. Home active play equipment was therefore not a clear contributor to the socioeconomic gradients in Australian children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Project description:ImportanceCardiovascular disease and risk factors represent a major and increasing burden of death and disability in India, although socioeconomic aspects have been debated in recent years.ObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive equity analysis of the socioeconomic gradients and distribution of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in India using the latest national data set.Design, setting, and participantsCross-sectional study of data originating from the fourth Indian National Family Health Survey collected from January 20, 2015, to December 4, 2016. The study population was based on a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of women aged 15 to 49 years and men aged 15 to 54 years in India, with a response rate of 97% and 92% among eligible women and men, respectively. Biomarker sampling of survey respondents captured height, weight, blood pressure, and random blood glucose levels. Markers of socioeconomic status (SES) were household wealth, education, and social caste. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models that account for multistage survey design and sampling weights were estimated.Main outcomes and measuresDiabetes, hypertension, and obesity assessed by predetermined thresholds based on biomarker sampling or current medication were the primary outcomes.ResultsThe survey covered 757 958 individuals (weighted prevalence of 51.2% female). The overall prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in the sample was 2.9%, 14.4% and 9.7%, respectively. Positive socioeconomic gradients were observed by household wealth, education, and social caste, and in a majority of states. The magnitude of the SES gradient was strongest for obesity (adjusted odds ratio for highest SES quintile vs lowest, 8.76; 95% CI, 7.70-9.95), followed by diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.88-2.85) and hypertension (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.45-1.72) (P < .001 for all associations). Analyses of the socioeconomic distribution indicated that between 70% and 90% of the population burden of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity was among the higher SES groups, and this figure was similar across states.Conclusions and relevanceCardiovascular risk factors have an uneven distribution in India. Prevention and treatment strategies should reflect the distribution of the risk factor burden.

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Describing socioeconomic gradients in children's diets - does the socioeconomic indicator used matter?

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Describing socioeconomic gradients in children's diets - does the socioeconomic indicator used matter?

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