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Pancreatic tumor cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 promotes endothelial cell migration and aberrant neovascularization.

ABSTRACT: The complex signaling networks between cancer cells and adjacent endothelial cells make it challenging to unravel how cancer cells send extracellular messages to promote aberrant vascularization or tumor angiogenesis. Here, in vitro and in vivo models show that pancreatic cancer cell generated unique microenvironments can underlie endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we find that pancreatic cancer cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 matricellular protein rewires the microenvironment to promote endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis. This event can be overcome by Sonic Hedgehog (SHh) antibody treatment. Collectively, these studies identify a novel CCN1 signaling program in pancreatic cancer cells which activates SHh through autocrine-paracrine circuits to promote endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis and suggests that CCN1 signaling of pancreatic cancer cells is vital for the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Thus CCN1 signaling could be an ideal target for tumor vascular disruption in pancreatic cancer.

SUBMITTER: Maity G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4023131 | biostudies-other | 2014 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Pancreatic tumor cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 promotes endothelial cell migration and aberrant neovascularization.

Maity Gargi G Mehta Smita S Haque Inamul I Dhar Kakali K Sarkar Sandipto S Banerjee Sushanta K SK Banerjee Snigdha S

Scientific reports 20140516

The complex signaling networks between cancer cells and adjacent endothelial cells make it challenging to unravel how cancer cells send extracellular messages to promote aberrant vascularization or tumor angiogenesis. Here, in vitro and in vivo models show that pancreatic cancer cell generated unique microenvironments can underlie endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we find that pancreatic cancer cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 matricellular protein rewires the microenvi ...[more]

PMID: 24833309

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Project description:Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common diabetic microvascular complications. However, the pathogenesis of DR has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to discover novel and key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of DR, which could potentially be targets for therapeutic DR intervention. Methods: To identify potential genes involved in the pathogenesis of DR, we analyzed the public database of neovascular membranes (NVMs) from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy controls (HCs) (GSE102485, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE102485). Further, we compared these findings by performing RNA-sequencing analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with DR, control patients with non-complicated diabetes mellitus (DMC), and HCs. To determine the critical role of candidate genes in DR, knockdown or knockout was performed in human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs). The oxidative stress pathway, as well as tight junction integrity, was analyzed. Results: Transcriptional profiles showed distinct patterns between the NVMs of patients with DR and those of the HCs. Those genes enriched in either extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction or focal adhesion pathways were considerably upregulated. Both pathways were important for maintaining the integrity of retinal vascular structure and function. Importantly, the gene encoding the matricellular protein CCN1, a key gene in cell physiology, was differentially expressed in both pathways. Knockdown of CCN1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or knockout of CCN1 by the CRISPR-Cas9 technique in HRVECs significantly increased the levels of VE-cadherin, reduced the level of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion: The present study identifies CCN1 as an important regulator in the pathogenesis of DR. Increased expression of CCN1 stimulates oxidative stress and disrupts tight junction integrity in endothelial cells by inducing NOX4. Thus, targeting the CCN1/NOX4 axis provides a therapeutic strategy for treating DR by alleviating endothelial cell injury.

Project description:CYR61/CCN1 is a matricellular protein that resides in the extracellular matrix, but serves regulatory rather than structural roles. CYR61/CCN1 is found in mineralized tissues and has been shown to influence bone healing in vivo and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In this study we generated Cyr61 bone-specific knockout mice to examine the physiological role of CYR61/CCN1 in bone development and maintenance in vivo. Extensive analysis of Cyr61 conditional knockout mice showed a significant decrease in both trabecular and cortical bone mass as compared to WT littermates. Our data suggest that CYR61/CCN1 exerts its effects on mature osteoblast/osteocyte function to modulate bone mass. Specifically, changes were observed in osteocyte/osteoblast expression of RankL, VegfA, and Sost. The increase in RankL expression was correlated with a significant increase in osteoclast number; decreased VegfA expression was correlated with a significant decrease in bone vasculature; increased Sost expression was associated with decreased Wnt signaling, as revealed by decreased Axin2 expression and increased adiposity in the bone marrow. Although the decreased number of vascular elements in bone likely contributes to the low bone mass phenotype in Cyr61 conditional knockout mice, this cannot explain the observed increase in osteoclasts and the decrease in Wnt signaling. We conducted in vitro assays using UMR-106 osteosarcoma cells to explore the role CYR61/CCN1 plays in modulating Sost mRNA and protein expression in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Overexpression of CYR61/CCN1 can suppress Sost expression in both control and Cyr61 knockout cells, and blocking Sost with siRNA can rescue Wnt responsiveness in Cyr61 knockout cells in vitro. Overall, our data suggest that CYR61/CCN1 modulates mature osteoblast and osteocyte function to regulate bone mass through angiogenic effects as well as by modulating Wnt signaling, at least in part through the Wnt antagonist Sost. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Pancreatic tumor cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 promotes endothelial cell migration and aberrant neovascularization.

Publications

Pancreatic tumor cell secreted CCN1/Cyr61 promotes endothelial cell migration and aberrant neovascularization.

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