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Potential of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium for selenium absorption.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high selenium (Se) concentrations on morphophysiological and ultrastructural properties of Pleurotus ostreatus. Mycelium growth was good in media enriched with 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg L(-1) of Se, concentration of 500.0 mg L(-1) strongly inhibited growth, and 1000.0 mg L(-1) was the minimum inhibitory concentration. Contrary to thin-walled, hyaline, branched, and anastomized hyphae with clamp-connections in the control, at Se concentrations of 100.0 and 500.0 mg L(-1), they were noticeably short, frequently septed and branched, with a more intensive extracellular matrix, and without clamp-connections. At high Se concentrations, hyphae with intact membrane, without cellular contents, with a high level of vacuolization, and with numerous proteinaceous bodies were observed. Biomass yield ranged between 11.8 g L(-1), in the control, and 6.8 g L(-1), at an Se concentration of 100.0 mg L(-1), while no production was detected at a concentration of 500.0 mg L(-1). Se content in the mycelia reached a peak (938.9 μg g(-1)) after cultivation in the medium enriched with Se at the concentration of 20.0 mg L(-1), while the highest absorption level (53.25%) was found in the medium enriched with 5.0 mg L(-1) Se.

SUBMITTER: Milovanovic I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4066853 | biostudies-other | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Differentially regulated, vegetative-mycelium-specific hydrophobins of the edible basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus.

Project description:Three different hydrophobins (Vmh1, Vmh2, and Vmh3) were isolated from monokaryotic and dikaryotic vegetative cultures of the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Their corresponding genes have a number of introns different from those of other P. ostreatus hydrophobins previously described. Two genes (vmh1 and vmh2) were expressed only at the vegetative stage, whereas vmh3 expression was also found in the fruit bodies. Furthermore, the expression of the three hydrophobins varied significantly with culture time and nutritional conditions. The three genes were mapped in the genomic linkage map of P. ostreatus, and evidence is presented for the allelic nature of vmh2 and POH3 and for the different locations of the genes coding for the glycosylated hydrophobins Vmh3 and POH2. The glycosylated nature of Vmh3 and its expression during vegetative growth and in fruit bodies suggest that it should play a role in development similar to that proposed for SC3 in Schizophyllum commune.

| S-EPMC124019 | biostudies-literature

Differential Induction Pattern Towards Classically Activated Macrophages in Response to an Immunomodulatory Extract from Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium.

Project description:Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom preparations have been investigated because of their ability to modulate the immune function. However, there is still no consensus regarding the activation and polarizing effect on macrophages by Pleurotus-derived bioproducts. This study examined the immune-activating effect of a mycelium-derived P. ostreatus aqueous extract (HW-Pm) on macrophage functions, by means of the determination of nitric oxide (NO) production, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Arginase-1 and FIZZ and the cytokine levels. The phagocytic activity and the activation of NF-κB in U937 reporter cells were also investigated. No cytotoxicity was observed in macrophages treated with HW-Pm (IC50 > 1024 μg/mL) by the resazurin test. HW-Pm induced high levels of NO production and iNOS expression in macrophages. In contrast, HW-Pm did not induce Arginase-1 and FIZZ mRNA expressions. The mushroom extract increased TNF-α and IL-6 production and the phagocytic function in murine macrophages. It also stimulated the activation of the NF-κB promoter. The P. ostreatus mycelium extract has a potential application as a natural immune-enhancing agent, by targeting macrophage activation towards the classically activated subset and stimulating macrophage-mediated innate immune responses.

| S-EPMC8000819 | biostudies-literature

Effect of common foods as supplements for the mycelium growth of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus on solid substrates.

Project description:The transition from a linear to a circular economy is urgently needed to mitigate environmental impacts and loss of biodiversity. Among the many potential solutions, the development of entirely natural-based materials derived from waste is promising. One such material is mycelium-bound composites obtained from the growth of fungi onto solid lignocellulosic substrates, which find applications such as insulating foams, textiles, packaging, etc. During growth, the fungus degrades and digests the substrate to create a web-like stiff network called mycelium. The development of the mycelium is influenced by several factors, including the substrate composition. As food waste accounts for nearly 44% of total municipal solid waste, incorporating food in the substrate composition could be a means to increase the nutrients absorbed by the fungus. In this paper, we study the effects of the addition of food supplements on the growth of two fungal species, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus. The substrates, the food supplements, and the mycelia are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. Our results show that addition of barley as a supplement significantly boosts the growth of G. lucidum and P. ostreatus. Using a common food as a nutritious enrichment for the development of mycelium is a simple and straightforward strategy to create waste-based mycelium-bound biocomposites for a large range of applications, on-site, therefore promoting a circular economy.

| S-EPMC8631619 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptomes of Pleurotus ostreatus in four different development stages (mycelium, primordium, young fruit body, mature fruit body)

Project description:To elucidate the mechanisms of fruit body development in Pleurotus ostreatus, the transcriptomes of four different development stages including mycelium, primordium, young fruit body, and mature fruit body were obtained by RNA-seq.

2018-04-12 | GSE113026 | GEO

Succession and potential role of bacterial communities during Pleurotus ostreatus production.

Project description:There is an increasing interest in studying bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs), also the interactions of Pleurotus ostreatus, a model white-rot fungus and important cultivated mushroom. In Europe, P. ostreatus is produced on a wheat straw-based substrate with a characteristic bacterial community, where P. ostreatus is exposed to the microbiome during substrate colonisation. This study investigated how the bacterial community structure was affected by the introduction of P. ostreatus into the mature substrate. Based on the results obtained, the effect of the presence and absence of this microbiome on P. ostreatus production in an experimental cultivation setup was determined. 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and amplicon sequencing revealed a definite succession of the microbiome during substrate colonisation and fruiting body production: a sharp decrease in relative abundance of Thermus spp. and Actinobacteria, and the increasing dominance of Bacillales and Halomonas spp. The introduced experimental cultivation setup proved the protective role of the microbial community against competing fungi without affecting P. ostreatus growth. We could also demonstrate that this effect could be attributed to both living microbes and their secreted metabolites. These findings highlight the importance of bacterial-fungal interactions during mushroom production.

| S-EPMC8445668 | biostudies-literature

Spent Pleurotus ostreatus Substrate Has Potential for Managing Fusarium Wilt of Banana.

Project description:A range of basidiomycetes including the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Po) can suppress plant pathogens such as Fusarium spp. With the current increase in production and consumption of Po in Uganda, the spent Po substrate (SPoS) could be an alternative to manage Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by the soil borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, race 1 (Foc). This study determined the potential of SPoS to inhibit Foc in vitro and in potted plants. In vitro studies confirmed suppression of Foc in pure co-culture (Po vs. Foc) assays and media amended with different concentrations (0% to 50% w/v) of un-sterilized SPoS filtrates. Foc growth in the sterile SPoS filtrate was comparable to the water control, suggesting possible roles of biotic or thermolabile components of the SPoS. To further verify the suppressive effects of SPoS, pot experiments were carried out with a resistant ('Mbwazirume', AAA) and susceptible ('Sukali Ndizi', AAB) banana cultivar using both artificially and naturally infested soils. Independent of the inoculation method, SPoS significantly reduced the severity of FWB in pot experiments. Susceptible cultivar 'Sukali Ndizi' growing in substrates amended with SPoS showed lower (1.25) corm damage (Scale 0-5) than the un-amended control (3.75). No corm damage was observed in uninoculated controls. The resistant cultivar 'Mbwazirume', showed slight (0.25) corm damage only in the Foc-inoculated plants without SPoS. These findings suggest that SPoS could be used as part of the management practices to reduce the impact of FWB.

| S-EPMC8620842 | biostudies-literature

Impact of transposable elements in Pleurotus ostreatus transcriptome profiles

Project description:Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as the oyster mushroom, is an active lignin decomposer in the forests. The genomes of the monokaryotic strains PC15 and PC9 have been used to characterize the content and distribution of transposable elements. This study analyzes the impact of transposable element insertions on the global transcriptome of P. ostreatus. The transcriptome of PC15 and PC9 has been analyzed in exponential growth during submerged fermentation in malt-yeast extract-sucrose medium RNAseq of two P. ostreatus strains: PC15 and PC9

2016-05-19 | E-GEOD-81586 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Degradation of Green Polyethylene by Pleurotus ostreatus.

Project description:We studied the biodegradation of green polyethylene (GP) by Pleurotus ostreatus. The GP was developed from renewable raw materials to help to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. However, little information regarding the biodegradation of GP discarded in the environment is available. P. ostreatus is a lignocellulolytic fungus that has been used in bioremediation processes for agroindustrial residues, pollutants, and recalcitrant compounds. Recently, we showed the potential of this fungus to degrade oxo-biodegradable polyethylene. GP plastic bags were exposed to sunlight for up to 120 days to induce the initial photodegradation of the polymers. After this period, no cracks, pits, or new functional groups in the structure of GP were observed. Fragments of these bags were used as the substrate for the growth of P. ostreatus. After 30 d of incubation, physical and chemical alterations in the structure of GP were observed. We conclude that the exposure of GP to sunlight and its subsequent incubation in the presence of P. ostreatus can decrease the half-life of GP and facilitate the mineralization of these polymers.

| S-EPMC4468114 | biostudies-literature

Impact of transposable elements in Pleurotus ostreatus transcriptome profiles

2016-05-19 | GSE81586 | GEO

Transposon-associated epigenetic silencing during Pleurotus ostreatus life cycle

Project description:In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide epigenetic and transcriptional patterns of the white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus throughout its life cycle. Our results performed by using high-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that strain-specific DNA methylation profiles are primarily involved in the repression of transposon activity, and suggest that 21 nt small RNAs play a key role in transposon silencing.Furthermore, we provide evidence that transposon-associated DNA methylation, but not sRNA production, is directly involved in the silencing of genes surrounded by transposons. Finally, we identified key genes activated in the fruiting process through the comparative analysis of transcriptomes.

2018-05-15 | GSE112588 | GEO

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