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Age-related decline in mitochondrial bioenergetics: does supercomplex destabilization determine lower oxidative capacity and higher superoxide production?

ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial decay plays a central role in the aging process. Although certainly multifactorial in nature, defective operation of the electron transport chain (ETC) constitutes a key mechanism involved in the age-associated loss of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Primarily, mitochondrial dysfunction affects the aging animal by limiting bioenergetic reserve capacity and/or increasing oxidative stress via enhanced electron leakage from the ETC. Even though the important aging characteristics of mitochondrial decay are known, the molecular events underlying inefficient electron flux that ultimately leads to higher superoxide appearance and impaired respiration are not completely understood. This review focuses on the potential role(s) that age-associated destabilization of the macromolecular organization of the ETC (i.e. supercomplexes) may be important for development of the mitochondrial aging phenotype, particularly in post-mitotic tissues.

SUBMITTER: Gomez LA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4096948 | biostudies-other | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Age-related decline in mitochondrial bioenergetics: does supercomplex destabilization determine lower oxidative capacity and higher superoxide production?

Gómez Luis A LA Hagen Tory M TM

Seminars in cell & developmental biology 20120412 7

Mitochondrial decay plays a central role in the aging process. Although certainly multifactorial in nature, defective operation of the electron transport chain (ETC) constitutes a key mechanism involved in the age-associated loss of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Primarily, mitochondrial dysfunction affects the aging animal by limiting bioenergetic reserve capacity and/or increasing oxidative stress via enhanced electron leakage from the ETC. Even though the important aging characteristics of ...[more]

PMID: 22521482

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Project description:ImportanceX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) may switch phenotype to the fatal cerebral form (ie, cerebral ALD [cALD]), the cause of which is unknown. Determining differences in antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between phenotypes may allow for the generation of a clinical biomarker for predicting the onset of cALD, as well as initiating a more timely lifesaving therapy.ObjectiveTo identify variations in the levels of antioxidant capacity and SOD activity between ALD phenotypes in patients with cALD or adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), heterozygote female carriers, and healthy controls and, in addition, correlate antioxidant levels with clinical outcome scores to determine a possible predictive value.Design, setting, and participantsSamples of monocytes and blood plasma were prospectively collected from healthy controls, heterozygote female carriers, and patients with AMN or cALD. We are counting each patient as 1 sample in our study. Because adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked disease, the affected group populations of cALD and AMN are all male. The heterozygote carriers are all female. The samples were assayed for total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity. The data were collected in an academic hospital setting. Eligibility criteria included patients who received a diagnosis of ALD and heterozygote female carriers, both of which groups were compared with age-matched controls. The prospective samples (n?=?30) were collected between January 2015 to January 2016, and existing samples were collected from tissue storage banks at the Kennedy Krieger Institute (n?=?30). The analyses were performed during the first 3 months of 2016.Main outcome and measuresCommercially available total antioxidant capacity and SOD assays were performed on samples of monocytes and blood plasma and correlated with magnetic resonance imaging severity score.ResultsA reduction in antioxidant capacity was shown between the healthy controls (0.225 mmol trolox equivalent) and heterozygote carriers (0.181 mmol trolox equivalent), and significant reductions were seen between healthy controls and patients with AMN (0.102 mmol trolox equivalent; P?<?.01), as well as healthy controls and patients with cALD (0.042 mmol trolox equivalent; P?<?.01). Superoxide dismutase activity in human blood plasma mirrored these reductions between prospectively collected samples from healthy controls (2.66 units/mg protein) and samples from heterozygote female carriers (1.91 units/mg protein), patients with AMN (1.39 units/mg protein; P?=?.01), and patients with cALD (0.8 units/mg protein; P?<?.01). Further analysis of SOD activity in biobank samples showed significant reductions between patients with AMN (0.89 units/mg protein) and patients with cALD (0.18 units/mg protein) (P?=?.03). Plasma SOD levels from patients with cALD demonstrated an inverse correlation to brain magnetic resonance imaging severity score (R2?=?0.75, P?<?.002). Longitudinal plasma SOD samples from the same patients (n?=?4) showed decreased activity prior to and at the time of cerebral diagnosis over a period of 13 to 42 months (mean period, 24 months).Conclusions and relevancePlasma SOD may serve as a potential biomarker for cerebral disease in ALD following future prospective studies.

Dataset Information

Age-related decline in mitochondrial bioenergetics: does supercomplex destabilization determine lower oxidative capacity and higher superoxide production?

Publications

Age-related decline in mitochondrial bioenergetics: does supercomplex destabilization determine lower oxidative capacity and higher superoxide production?

Similar Datasets

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